SEMP1598 C. Sempronius (47) Ti. f. P. n. Gracchus

Status

  • Nobilis Expand

    Sall. Jug. 41.9-42.1, VM. 6.3.1d, 6.8.3, [Augustin.]. Princip. Rhet. 19

Life Dates

  • 154?, birth (Sumner Orators) Expand

    Sumner R78, Evans & Kleijwegt p. 194.

  • 121, death - violent (Broughton MRR I) Expand

    Suicide preempting execution.

Relationships

grandson of
P. Cornelius (336) P. f. L. n. Scipio Africanus Maior (cos. 205) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. off. II 80

son of
Ti. Sempronius (53) P. f. Ti. n. Gracchus (cos. 177) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Ampel. 19.3, Cic. Brut. 125f., Cic. de orat. I 38, Cic. div. II 62, Cic. inv. I 91, Cic. off. II 80, Flor. I 33.9, Gell. VI 19.6, Gell. XII 8.1

Cornelia (407) (daughter of P. Cornelius (336) P. f. L. n. Scipio Africanus (cos. 205)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. Brut. 104, Cic. Brut. 125f., Cic. Brut. 213, Cic. de orat. I 38, Cic. de orat. III 214, Cic. div. II 62, Cic. inv. I 5, Cic. inv. I 91, Quintil. inst. I 1.6, Tac. dial. 28.5

brother of
Sempronia (99) (daughter of Ti. Sempronius (53) P. f. Ti. n. Gracchus (cos. 177)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Oros. V 10.10

Ti. Sempronius (54) Ti. f. P. n. Gracchus (tr. pl. 133) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Ampel. 26.1f., Cic. Brut. 125f., Cic. de orat. III 214, Cic. Rab. perd. 14, Lucan. VI 795f., Oros. V 12.3, Plin. n.h. XIII 83, Plut. Ti. Gracch. 13.1, Quintil. inst. XI 3.8, Quintil. inst. XI 3.115

married to
Iunia? (A) (daughter of? D. Iunius (57) M. f. M. n. Brutus Callaicus (cos. 138)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Ampel. 19.4, Ampel. 26.1f.

Licinia (180) (daughter of P. Licinius (72) P. f. P. n. Crassus Dives Mucianus (cos. 131)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Ampel. 19.4, Ampel. 26.1f., Plut. C. Gracch. 17.5, Plut. Ti. Gracch. 21.1

father of
-. Sempronius (40) Gracchus (son of C. Sempronius (47) Ti. f. P. n. Gracchus (tr. pl. 123)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Plut. C. Gracch. 15.2

Sempronia (103) (daughter of C. Sempronius (47) Ti. f. P. n. Gracchus (tr. pl. 123)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Plut. C. Gracch. 15.2

Career

  • Tribunus Militum? 134 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • With Scipio were also C. Marius and C. Lucilius (Vell. 2.9.4, on Lucilius; Vell. 2.9.4; Val Max. 8.15.7; Plut. Mar. 3.2-4, and 13.2, on Marius). Marius' position is uncertain, perhaps an eques (Plut. Mar. 13.2), for this service precedes his military tribunate (Sall. Iug. 63.3). Lucilius is termed an eques but as the brother, and later the brother-in-law also, of a senator, could have had an official positio on Scipio's staff (see Cichorius, Untersuch. Lucil. 14ff., 24ff.). (Broughton MRR I)
    • All served under Scipio at Numantia (Memmius: Frontin. Str. 4.1.1; Plut. Apophth. Scip. Min. 17. Rutilius: App. Ib. 88; Cic. Rep. 1.17; Suidas, s. v. {Gr}. Asellio: Gell. 2.13.3, the historian. Gracchus: Plut. TG 13.1, not specifically termed Tr. Mil.). (Broughton MRR I)
    • Tr. pl. 123, 122. Sumner (Orators 20) notes that there is no evidence that C. Gracchus was a military tribune when he served at Numantia in 134-132, probably at the age of 20 to 22 years. IIIvir a. i. a. 133-121. A boundary stone found at Polla with the names of the commissioners must be dated between the death of Ti. Gracchus in 133 and that of Ap. Claudius in 130 (V. Bracco, NS 1953, fasc. 7-12, 337f.; cf. ILLRP 472 and notes). A similar stone, found at Sicignano in the Ager Volceius, and published by Marzullo and Guariglia, is known to me only from notices in Magaldi, Lucania romana 216ff.; see now ILLRP 469. Note another in AEpig. 1973 (1976) no. 222, from Misc. Gr. a Rom. 5, 1977, 225-249; the presence of the two names M. Fulvius and C. Gracchus without a third member dates it to the period after the death of Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus (72) and before the appointment of C. Papirius Carbo (33) in 130. See MRR 1.503. On the law preserved on the Tabula Bembina, see above, on M'. Acilius Glabrio (37). (Broughton MRR III)
  • Tribunus Militum? 133 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • Tr. pl. 123, 122. Sumner (Orators 20) notes that there is no evidence that C. Gracchus was a military tribune when he served at Numantia in 134-132, probably at the age of 20 to 22 years. IIIvir a. i. a. 133-121. A boundary stone found at Polla with the names of the commissioners must be dated between the death of Ti. Gracchus in 133 and that of Ap. Claudius in 130 (V. Bracco, NS 1953, fasc. 7-12, 337f.; cf. ILLRP 472 and notes). A similar stone, found at Sicignano in the Ager Volceius, and published by Marzullo and Guariglia, is known to me only from notices in Magaldi, Lucania romana 216ff.; see now ILLRP 469. Note another in AEpig. 1973 (1976) no. 222, from Misc. Gr. a Rom. 5, 1977, 225-249; the presence of the two names M. Fulvius and C. Gracchus without a third member dates it to the period after the death of Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus (72) and before the appointment of C. Papirius Carbo (33) in 130. See MRR 1.503. On the law preserved on the Tabula Bembina, see above, on M'. Acilius Glabrio (37). (Broughton MRR III)
  • Triumvir Agris Iudicandis Assignandis 133 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • Elected under the agrarian law of Ti. Gracchus to resume possession of public land and divide it among the poor, then empowered to decide questions of ownership (App. BC 1.13, and 18-19; cf. CIL 1 .2.639-644 and 719, the boundary stones; Cic. Leg. Agr. 2.31; Liv. Per. 58; Val. Max. 7.2.6; Vell. 2.2.3; Plut. TG 13.1). (Broughton MRR I)
    • Tr. pl. 123, 122. Sumner (Orators 20) notes that there is no evidence that C. Gracchus was a military tribune when he served at Numantia in 134-132, probably at the age of 20 to 22 years. IIIvir a. i. a. 133-121. A boundary stone found at Polla with the names of the commissioners must be dated between the death of Ti. Gracchus in 133 and that of Ap. Claudius in 130 (V. Bracco, NS 1953, fasc. 7-12, 337f.; cf. ILLRP 472 and notes). A similar stone, found at Sicignano in the Ager Volceius, and published by Marzullo and Guariglia, is known to me only from notices in Magaldi, Lucania romana 216ff.; see now ILLRP 469. Note another in AEpig. 1973 (1976) no. 222, from Misc. Gr. a Rom. 5, 1977, 225-249; the presence of the two names M. Fulvius and C. Gracchus without a third member dates it to the period after the death of Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus (72) and before the appointment of C. Papirius Carbo (33) in 130. See MRR 1.503. On the law preserved on the Tabula Bembina, see above, on M'. Acilius Glabrio (37). (Broughton MRR III)
  • Triumvir Agris Iudicandis Assignandis 132 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • See 133. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Triumvir Agris Iudicandis Assignandis 131 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • See 133. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Triumvir Agris Iudicandis Assignandis 130 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • After the deaths of Ap. Claudius and Crassus Mucianus (see 133-130), Fulvius Flaccus and Carbo succeeded to their places (CIL 1 .2.643-644; Liv. Per. 59; Vell. 2.6.4; Plut. CG 10.3; App. BC 1.18; Obseq. 28a; Auct. Vir. Ill. 65.4, with confusion of the names of Carbo and Crassus). (Broughton MRR I)
  • Triumvir Agris Iudicandis Assignandis 129 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • Protests from the allies led Scipio Africanus to sponsor a measure to transfer the judicial functions of the commission to the Consul (App. BC 1.18-19; cf. FOR 1.120f., 240f.). Carbo and C. Gracchus, members of the commission, were suspected of responsibility for Scipio's sudden death (Cic. QF 2.3.3; De Or. 2.170; Mil. 16; Fat. 18; Fam. 9.21.3; Plut. CG 10.3-5). (Broughton MRR I)
  • Triumvir Agris Dandis Assignandis 128 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • See 130 and 129. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Triumvir Agris Dandis Assignandis 127 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • See 130 and 129. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Quaestor 126 Rome, Sardinia (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • Coel. Ant. fr. 50 Peter; Val. Max. 1.7.6. Opposed the law of the Tribune Iunius Pennus (see Tribunes of the Plebs), then went to serve under the Consul Orestes in Sardinia (Cic. Brut. 109; Div. 1.56; 2.136; Plut. CG 1.4-2.3; Auct. Vir. Ill. 65.1; Fest. 362 L; cf. FOR 2.131). (Broughton MRR I)
  • Proquaestor 125 Sardinia (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • Continued (now probably pro quaestore) under Orestes in Sardinia; see 124, Promagistrates. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Triumvir Agris Dandis Assignandis 125 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • See 130 and 129. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Proquaestor 124 Sardinia (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • Proquaestor in Sardinia. Was criticized, and questioned by the Censors, for returning home before his commander in order to become a candidate for the Tribunate of the Plebs (Plut. CG 2-3; Auct. Vir. Ill. 65.1-3; cf. FOR 2.131-133; Cic. Or. 233; Diod. 34.24; App. BC 1.21; Oros. 5.12.3; see above, Censors). (Broughton MRR I)
  • Triumvir Agris Dandis Assignandis 124 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • See 130 and 129. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Tribunus Plebis 123 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • I have followed Last's analysis of the order of these measures (CAH 9.49ff., 891f.), though the date of no. 4, and of several of the following measures remains uncertain in our sources. Velleius would place both these colonial{516} foundations (no. 9) and the Rubrian law proposing the colony at Carthage in 123 (1.15.4), while from Plutarch it is clear that they should be placed at least after the tribunician and consular elections for 122 (CG 8.3; 9.2). If, as seems probable, the tribunate of Rubrius falls in 122 these statements can be reconciled by supposing that he made his proposal under these Consuls after taking office on December 10. See 122, Tribunes of the Plebs. (Broughton MRR I)
    • Coel. Ant. fr. 50 Peter- Cic. Div. 1.56; Cic. Leg. 3.20; Lael. 41; Sest. 101; Corn. 2, in Ascon. 80 C; Cat. 4.4; Caes. BC 1.7.6; Liv. Per. 60; Vell. 2.6.1-2; Val. Max. 1.7.6; Plut. CG 1.6; 3.2; App. BC 1.21; Dio 38.27.3; Obseq. 31; Auct. Vir. Ill. 65.3; Oros. 5.12.3. His program of reform included the following items of legislation, some of which were also designed to secure the support of special groups: 1. a bill debarring a deposed magistrate from other offices, which he withdrew at Cornelia's request (Plut. CG 4.1-3; cf. Diod. 34.25.2; Fest. 21 L); 2. a law reaffirming appeal to the people in capital cases and rendering magistrates who transgressed it liable to prosecution (FOR 2.134f.; Cic. Rab. Perd. 12; Plut. CG 4.1-2; cf. Cic. Verr. 2.5.163; Cluent. 95; Cat. 4.10; Brut. 128; Dom. 82; Rep. 1.6; Leg. 3.26; and Schol. Bob.{514} 2.111, Schol. Ambros. 2.271, and Schol. Gron. 2.289, all ed. Stangl; Diod. 34-35.26; Diomedes, GLK 1.374; Gell. 1.7.7; 11.13.1; Fest. 136, 220, 277 L); 3. a grain law establishing a maximum price of 6 1/3 asses the modius (Cic. Sest. 103; Brut. 222; Off. 2.72; and Schol. Bob. 2.96, 132, 135 Stangl; Liv. Per. 60; Vell. 2.6.3; Plut. CG 5.2; Flor. 2.1.7; App. BC 1.21; Auct. Vir. Ill. 65.3; cf. Cic. Font. 39; Tusc. 3.48; Diod. 34-35.25.1); 4. probably re-enacted the agrarian law of Tiberius Gracchus (CIL 1 .2.585, lines 1, 3, 4, 6, 13, 22; Liv. Per. 60; Vell. 2.6.3; Plut. CG 5.1; Flor. 2.3.2; App. BC 1.21; Auct. Vir. Ill. 65.3; Oros. 5.12.4; cf. Cic. Off. 2.80; Leg. Agr. 2.10; Sic. Flacc. in Agrim., ed. Thulin, 129f.); 5. a law to provide clothing for soldiers from the public treasury and to forbid recruitment under seventeen years of age (Diod. 34-35.25.1; cf. Ascon. 68 C); 6. a law to establish farming of the tithe in Asia through contracts leased in Rome by the Censors (Cic. Verr. 2.3.12; Att. 1.17.9; Fronto Ver. 125 N; cf. CIL 1(2).2.585, line 82; Cic. Prov. Cons. 12; Leg. Agr. 2.83; Gell. 11.10- FOR 2.137; Schol. Bob. 157 Stangl); 7. a law that consular provinces should be determined in advance of the election of the incumbents (Cic. Dom. 24; Prov. Cons. 3, and 17; Balb. 61; Fam. 1.7.10; Sall. Iug. 27.3); 8. laws authorizing public works, roads, granaries, and other building (Plut. CG 6-7; App. BC 1.23; Fest. 370 L); 9. probably laws authorizing colonies at Scolacium and Tarentum (Liv. Per. 60; Vell. 1.15.4; 2.6.3; Plut. CG 8.3; 9.2; App. BC 1.23; Auct. Vir. Ill. 65.3, Capua !; cf. CIL 1(2).2.585, line 22); 10. perhaps an ineffectual proposal to incorporate 300 (Plut. CG 5.2-3) or 600 (Liv. Per. 60) knights in the Senate (see 122, on Gracchus); 11. a law ne quis iudicio circumveniretur, applicable only to senators and very similar to the later Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis (Cic. Cluent. 151, and 154; cf. Lange 2 3 .664); 12. laws establishing new customs duties (Vell. 2.6.3). (Broughton MRR I)
    • This passage more probably refers to this Caesar than to the Consul of 91, for the Drusus whose decision is compared with his was Pr. Urbanus in 115 (see RE no. 17). (Broughton MRR I)
    • p. 257-63 (Thommen 1989)
  • Triumvir Agris Dandis Assignandis 123 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • Carcopino (Autour des Gracques 277) believes that the Gracchan commission continued to function and, since he places the Rubrian law in 123, resolves the discrepancy between Appian (BC 1.23) and Plutarch (CG 10.3; 11.2) by having Fulvius go to Africa as a member of the commission in 123 and then stay in Rome while Gracchus in turn went to Africa in 122 (see 122, Tribunes of the Plebs). But it is probable that special commissions would be appointed for specific colonies; and it is not clear that the commission established by Tiberius Gracchus was involved. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Tribunus Plebis 122 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • Reelected Tribune (Cic. Brut. 109; Vell. 2.6.3; Plut. CG 8.2; Flor. 2.3.2; App. BC 1.21-22). Either after his reelection in 123 or in this year are to be dated the following measures: a law constituting juries{518} composed of knights in the quaestio de repetundis (Cic. Verr. 1.38; Leg. 3.20; Diod. 34-35.27; 37.9; Vell. 2.6.3, and 32.3; Plin. NH 33.34; Tac. Ann. 12.60; App. BC 1.22; Flor. 2.5.3; cf. Varro in Non. Marc. 728 L; Ps.-Ascon. 189, and 218 Stangl); proposals, probably advanced in two phases, 7 to give citizenship to Latins and Latin rights to Italian allies (FOR 2.139-141; Cic. Brut. 99; De Or. 3.183; Vell. 2.6.2; Plut. CG 5.1; 9.3; 12.1-2; App. BC 1.23; Gell. 9.14.16; 10.3.2; Schol. Bob. 81 Stangl; Fest. 218 L); perhaps also a bill 8 to have the centuries summoned to vote in the Comitia Centuriata from all classes at random (Sall. Ep. ad Caes. 2.8.1; cf. Cic. Mur. 47). Gracchus' waning influence was revealed in the failure of his proposals regarding citizenship, and he was defeated for reelection (Plut. CG 12.4; omitted by App. BC 1.24). (Broughton MRR I)
    • Fraccaro and Last identify the Gracchan measure with the Lex Acilia (Rend. Ist. Lombard. 52 [1919] 355ff., cited by Niccolini; CAH 9.892-896), but Mommsen (CIL 1(1).1, p. 56) and Niccolini (FTP 163) maintain that the Lex Acilia presupposes the Gracchan law and sets forth the new arrangements made necessary by it. The role of the Lex Acilia in the legislative program of C. Gracchus has been convincingly vindicated by Balsdon (PBSR 14 [1938] 98-114). See above, note 4. (Broughton MRR I)
    • p. 257-63 (Thommen 1989)
  • Triumvir Agris Dandis Assignandis? 122 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • Cf. Plut. CG 10.2; 11.2; App. BC 1.24; but see also on Triumviri coloniis deducendis. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Triumvir Coloniis Deducendis 122 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • There probably were special boards appointed for the Gracchan colonies (see 123, Special Commissions and note 7) in Italy, one for Colonia Iunonia in Africa with Gracchus as a member (Plut. CG 9.2; 10.2; 11.2), and one or more for the proposed colonies of Livius (ibid.). (Broughton MRR I)
    • Plutarch mentions the many other commissions for public works proposed by Gracchus of which he was himself a member (CG 6.3–4). (Broughton MRR I)
  • Triumvir Agris Dandis? 121 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • In this position at the time of his death (Sall. Iug. 42.1). (Broughton MRR I)
  • Triumvir Coloniis Deducendis? 121 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
    • In this position at the time of his death (Sall. Iug. 42.1). (Broughton MRR I)
  • Repulsa (Tr. Pl.) 121 (Pina Polo 2012) Expand
    • pp. 65-72 (Pina Polo 2012)