Digital Prosopography of the Roman Republic

ANTO2392 M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n.

• Print

Status

• Nobilis Expand

  Cic. Mil. 15.40, Cic. Fam. 2.18.2, Cic. Phil. 1.12.29, Sen. Ep. Mor. Ad Lucil. 83.25

Life Dates

• 83, birth (Broughton MRR II)
• 30, death - violent (Broughton MRR II) Expand

  Suicide.

Relationships

grandson of

M. Antonius (28) M. f. M. n. (cos. 99) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. Phil. I 34, Cic. Phil. II 111, Cic. Phil. II 42, Cic. Phil. II 70, Dio XLV 47.1f., Plut. Ant. 1.1

son of

Iulia (543) (daughter of? L. Iulius (142) L. f. Sex. n. Caesar (cos. 90)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. Att. XIV 17a.3 = Cic. fam. IX 14.3, Cic. Phil. II 49, Cic. Phil. III 17, Cic. Phil. VIII 1, Dio XLVI 15.2, Dio XLVII 8.5, Dio XLVIII 27.4, Liv. per. 120, Plut. Ant. 19.2, Plut. Ant. 2.1, Plut. Cic. 46.4(2)

M. Antonius (29) M. f. Creticus (pr. 74) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. Sik. 6.1, App. Sik. 6.2, Cic. Phil. II 42, Cic. Phil. II 56, Cic. Phil. II 70, Dio XLV 47.1f., Plut. Ant. 1.1

brother of

L. Antonius (23) M. f. M. n. Pietas (cos. 41) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Plut. Ant. 30.1

? Antonia (111) (daughter of M. Antonius (29) M. f. Creticus (pr. 74)) (DPRR Team)

C. Antonius (20) M. f. M. n. (pr. 44) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. Phil. VII 16, Cic. Phil. X 10, Cic. Phil. X 4, Cic. Phil. XI 36, Cic. Phil. XIII 26, Cic. Phil. XIII 30, Cic. Phil. XIII 49, Cic. Phil. XIII 4, Cic. Phil. XIV 9, Dio XLV 22.3, Dio XLV 9.2, Dio XLV 9.3, Dio XLVII 24.3, Dio XLVII 25.1, Plut. Ant. 15.2, Plut. Ant. 22.4, Plut. Brut. 25.2, Vell. II 69.2-4

married to

1 Fadia (13) (daughter of Q. Fadius (7) Gallus) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. Phil. XIII 23

2 Antonia (110) (daughter of C. Antonius (19) M. f. M. n. Hybrida (cos. 63)) (DPRR Team)

3 Fulvia (113) (daughter of M. Fulvius (40) Bambalio) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. b.c. V 14 (56), Cic. Phil. III 16, Dio LI 15.7, Dio LI 6.1, Dio XLVIII 15.1, Dio XLVIII 27.4, Dio XLVIII 4.1, Dio XLVIII 5.1, Flor. II 16, Liv. per. 127, Oros. VI 18.17, Plut. Ant. 30.1, Plut. Ant. 30.3, Plut. Ant. 57.3, Plut. Ant. 81.1, Suet. rhet. 3, Zon. 10 (16)

4 Octavia (96) minor (daughter of C. Octavius (15) Sca. (pr. 61)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. b.c. V 73 (312), Dio XLVIII 31.3, Liv. per. 127, Plut. Ant. 33.3, Plut. Ant. 35.1, Plut. Ant. 54.1, Plut. Ant. 54.2

5 ? - (Kleopatra 20) Philopater (married to? M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n. (cos. 44)) (Zmeskal 2009)

divorced from

2 Antonia (110) (daughter of C. Antonius (19) M. f. M. n. Hybrida (cos. 63)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Plut. Ant. 9.1

4 Octavia (96) minor (daughter of C. Octavius (15) Sca. (pr. 61)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Eutr. VII 6.1, Oros. VI 19.4

father of

2 Antonia (112) (daughter of M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n. (cos. 44)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. b.c. V 93 (391), Plut. Ant. 9.1

3 M. Antonius (32) Antyllus (son of M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n. (cos. 44)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. b.c. V 14 (56), Cic. Phil. I 2, Dio LI 6.1, Dio XLIV 34.6, Liv. per. 116, Oros. VI 19.20, Plut. Ant. 57.3, Plut. Ant. 81.1, Plut. Ant. 87.1, Suet. Aug. 17.5, Vell. II 58.2

3 Iullus Antonius (22) (son of M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n. (cos. 44)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. b.c. V 14 (56), Plut. Ant. 87.1, Suet. Aug. 17.5, Suet. gramm. 18, Vell. II 100.4

4 Antonia (113) maior (daughter of M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n. (cos. 44)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Plut. Ant. 33.3, Plut. Ant. 35.1

4 Antonia (114) minor (daughter of M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n. (cos. 44)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. b.c. V 95 (399), Dio XLVIII 54.4, Plut. Ant. 33.3, Plut. Ant. 35.1, Plut. Ant. 87.3, Tac. ann. IV 44

5 ? -. Alexander (28) Helios (son of? M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n. (cos. 44)) (DPRR Team)

5 - (Kleopatra 28) Selene (daughter of M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n. (cos. 44)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Plut. Ant. 87.1

5 -. Antonius (Helios 2) Helios (son of M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n. (cos. 44)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Dio XLIX 40.2, Dio XLIX 44.2, Liv. per. 131

5 -. Ptolemaios (38) Philadelphos (son of M. Antonius (30) M. f. M. n. (cos. 44)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Vell. 2.100.4, Plut. Ant. 87.1, Suet. Aug. 17.5, Suet. Gramm. 18, Dio 51.15.7, Dio 49.40.2, 49.44.2, Liv. Per. 131

Career

• Praefectus Equitum 57 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Commander of cavalry under Gabinius in Syria (Plut. Ant. 3; Joseph. AJ 14.84 and 86 and 92; BJ 1.162 and 165 and 171-172; Hegesipp. 1.19-20; Zonar. 5.7). (Broughton MRR II)
• Praefectus Equitum 56 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • See 57 and 55, Prefects. (Broughton MRR II)
• Praefectus Equitum 55 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Served under Gabinius in Syria, and actively aided in restoring the Egyptian King (Plut. Ant. 3). (Broughton MRR II)
• Legatus (Lieutenant) 54 Gallia Transalpina (Broughton MRR III) Expand
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
  • See Quaestors. Termed legate in Caes. BG 7.81.6. (Broughton MRR II)
• Legatus (Lieutenant) 53 Gallia Transalpina (Broughton MRR III) Expand
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
  • See Quaestors. Termed legate in Caes. BG 7.81.6. (Broughton MRR II)
• Legatus (Lieutenant) 52 Gallia Transalpina (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Quaestor 51 Gallia Transalpina (Broughton MRR III) Expand
  • Chosen without the lot, he served under Caesar in Gaul (Cic. Att. 6.6.4; 7.8.5; Fam. 2.15.4; Phil. 2.49-50 and 71; Dio 45.40.3, in Spain; cf. Caes. BG 7.31.6, a Legate; 8. 2. 1, a Quaestor). He did not leave for Gaul until after Milo's trial in April (Ascon. 41 C). (Broughton MRR II)
  • Continued to serve under Caesar in Gaul (Hirtius in Caes. BG 8.2.1, quaestorem, and 24.2; see 52, Quaestors). (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Augur 50 to after 31 (Rüpke 2005) Expand
  • A probable member of the college of Augurs on the eve of the death of Hortensius. (Broughton MRR II)
  • Succeeded Q. Hortensius Hortalus. Elected over L. Domitius Ahenobarbus (Cael. in Cic. Fam. 8.14.1; Hirtius in Caes. BG 8.50.1-3; cf. Cic Phil. 2.4 and 78-84; 13.12; Att. 10.16.5, collega noster; Plut. Ant. 5.1; App. BC 3.7; Dio 45.27.5). (Broughton MRR II)
  • A probable member of this college of priests about 31 B. C. In a number of instances the exact date when a priest became a member of his college is not known, and the conjecture is based on evidence of seniority such as the date of the consulship or some other office. The list of the Quindecimviri is based on Miss Hoffman's observation that the names listed in connection with the Saecular Games in 17 B. C. are arranged in the order of entrance into the college (see AJPh 73 [19521289-294). The names given below are drawn from Miss Hoffman's dissertation, The Membership of the Four Major Colleges of Priests from 44 B. C. to 37 A. D. (Bryn Mawr, 1951, available in microfilm). The vacancies caused by the civil wars and the proscriptions were promptly filled with partisans of Antony and Octavian or persons who were restored in 39 by the Treaty of Misenum, for in 36 Messalla Corvinus was added to the college as a supernumerary member. See Dio 48.36.4; 49.16.1; cf. 48.43.2. (Broughton MRR II)
  • See 50, Augurs. Died in 30. (Broughton MRR II)
• Legatus (Lieutenant) 50 Gallia Transalpina (Broughton MRR III) Expand
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Tribunus Plebis 49 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Elected with Caesarian support (Hirt. in Caes. BG 8.50.1-3; Plut. Ant. 5.1; see 50, Augurs), he attacked Pompey upon entering office in December 50 (Cic. Att. 7.8.5), and in January, along with Q. Cassius, supported Caesar's interests with the tribunician veto until the last decree was passed and the Tribunes fled to Caesar (Caes. BC 1. 1-8, and 32; Cic. Fam. 16.11.2; Att. 7.9.2; Phil. 2.50-55; Liv. Per. 109; Suet. Iul. 29-31; Plut. Ant. 5-6; Caes. 30- 31; Pomp. 59; App. BC 2.32-33, and 41; Dio 41.1-3, and 15; 45.27; Oros. 6.15.2; Zonax. 10.8). From Caesar he received military command (see below, Promagistrates), and during Caesar's dictatorship carried a law to restore the children of the proscribed (Dio 41.18.2; 44.47.4; Suet. Iul. 41; Plut. Caes. 37; Zonar. 10.8), and one to restore a goodly number of those who had been condemned under the Pompeian law of 52 (Cic. Phil. 2.55-56, and 98; Att. 10.4.8,; Caes. BC 3.1.4; Suet. Iul. 41; Plut. Caes. 37; App. BC 2.48; Dio 41.36.2; 42.24.2; Zonar. 10.8; see above, Dictator). (Broughton MRR II)
• Tribunus Plebis Pro Praetore 49 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Tribunus plebis pro praetore (Cic. A tt. 10. SA, prescript), appointed by Caesar to military command (Caes. BC 1.11.4, and 18.2), and left in charge of Italy during the Spanish campaign (Cic. Att. 10.8A, 8.10, 9.3, and 10, and 11.4, and 12.1, and 13.1, and 15.3, and 16.5; Phil. 2.56-58, and 98; Plut. Ant. 6.4-7.1; App. BC 2.41; Dio 41.18.3; cf. 45.25.2, and 47.3; 46.15.2). (Broughton MRR II)
• Legatus (Lieutenant)? 48 Italia, Macedonia (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • No title preserved, but probably a Legate (see below, on Fufius Calenus). He brought Caesar much-needed reinforcements from Brundisium (Caes. BC 3.24-30, and 34.1, and 40.5; Plut. Caes. 39.1; Ant. 7; App. BC 2.58- 59; Dio 41.48), aided in the siege of Dyrrachium (Caes. BC 3.46; Plut. Ant. 8), and held command of Caesar's left wing at Pharsalus (Caes. BC 3.89; Plut. Caes. 44. 1; Pomp. 69. 1; Ant. 8; App. BC 2.76; Illyr. 12; cf. Cic. Phil. 2.59 and 71), and afterwards brought part of Caesar's army back to Italy (Cic. Phil. 5.59 and 61; cf. Dio 42.30.1). See above, Master of Horse. (Broughton MRR II)
• Magister Equitum 48 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Appointed by Caesar (Cic. Phil. 2.62-63; Plut. Ant. 8.3; Dio 42.21.1; cf. Fast. Cap. for 47, Degrassi 56f., 132, 498f.; CIL 12.2.787), and was governing in that capacity in December (Cic. Att. 11.7.1; see note 1). (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Magister Equitum 47 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Continued to be Caesar's Master of Horse in 47 (CIL 12.2.777; Cic Phil. 2.62; Dio 42.32.1; 45.28.1; 46.13.1; see 48, Master of Horse; and 48, note 1). His seizure of Pompeian properties (Cic. Phil. 2.62, and 67-68, and 71, and 73; 13.10 and 34; Vell. 2.60.3, and 77.1; Plut. Ant. 10.2; 21.2; 32.3; Caes. 51.2; App. BC 3.14; 5.79; Dio (Broughton MRR II)
  • See 48, and 47, Master of Horse. His term, with that of Caesar's second dictatorship, probably did not extend into 46 (see 48, and 47, on these, and esp. 48, note 1; and cf. Dio 42.21.1). (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Lupercus Iulianus - Magister 44 (Rüpke 2005) Expand
  • Antony was a member of the newly established college of the Luperci Iuliani. It was probably as such that he took part in the Lupercalia on February 15 (Dio 45.30; cf. Cic. Phil. 2.87; Suet. Iul. 76.1, and 79.2; Plut. Ant. 12; Dio 44.6.2, and 11; see above, Consuls, on the incident of the offer of the crown to Caesar). (Broughton MRR II)
• Septemvir Agris Dividendis 44 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Antony and Dolabella carried about mid-June a bill to establish a commission of seven (Cic. Att. 15.19.2; Phil. 5.21; 8.26; 12.23) with L. Antonius as chairman to divide all available public land among veteran soldiers and needy citizens (Cic. Phil. 5.7; Dio 45.9.1; cf. Cic. Att. 15.12.2, and 15.1, and 17.1, and 19.2; 16.3.1; Phil. 5.20; 7.17; 13.37; on Antony and Dolabella, see Phil. 5.33; 11.13; on L. Antonius, Phil. 5.20; 6.13; 7.16-17; 11.13; 12.20; 13.37; on Lento and Nucula, Phil. 2.99; 6.14; 8.26; 11.13; 12.20 and 23; 13.2 and 26 and 37; on C. Antonius, Att. 15.19.2, which is against including him. Saxa and Cafo had received lands in Campania, and Saxa was a skilled surveyor who expected to use his art, Cic. Phil. 8. 9 and 26; 10. 22; 11. 12 and 37; 12.20; and on Saxa also Phil. 2.99; 11.13; 13.2 and 27; 14.10; on both, see Syme, JRS 27 [1937] 127-137; and D.-G. 1.83, note 4). The law was declared invalid on January 4, 43, by decree of the Senate on the ground that it was carried by force (Cic. Phil. 5.7 and 2 1 ; 6.14:; 11. 13). (Broughton MRR II)
• Consul 44 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Fast. Cap., Degrassi 58f., 134, 500f.; Fast. 08t., ibid. 181, 182f.; Fast. Amer., ibid. 242; Fast. Colot., ibid. 273f., 275; CIL 12.2.795, 942, 968; Plin. NH 2.99; Joseph. AJ 14.217 and 221; Suet. Iul. 82.4; Censorin. DN 22.16; Obseq. 67-68; Flor. 2.14.7; Die 43, Index, and 49.1; 44, Index; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc. (all three with the form Antonino); Cassiod.; Zonar. 10.11. As Caesar's colleague Antony carried at least two of the many measures in his honor, one to change the name of the month Quinctilis to Iulius i(Macrob. 1.12.34; Jerome Chr. ad ann. 45, p. 157 Helm; Suet. Iul. 76.1; Censorin. DN 22.16; App. BC 2.106; Flor. 2.13.91; Dio 44.5.2), and one to dedicate the fifth day of the Ludi Romani to Caesar (Cic. Phil. 2.110). He opposed Caesar's intention of naming Dolabella Consul Suffectus upon departing for his eastern campaign (Cic. Phil. 1.31; 2.79 and 82-83 and 88 and 99; 3.9; 5.9; Plut. Ant. 11.2-3; Caes. 62.5; Die 43.51.8). At the celebration of the Lupercalia he offered Caesar a crown (Cic. Phil. 2.8"7; 3.12; 13.17 and 31 and 41; Quintil. Inst. Or. 9.3.61; Plut. Ant. 12; Caes. 61; App. BC 2.109; Die 44:.11; 45.30; cf. Nic. Dam. Vit. Caes. 21, FGrH 2A.405, who names Licinius as the one who made the offer first). On the Ides of March Trebonius drew him away from the scene of the assassination (Cic. Phil. 13.22; Vell. 2.58; Plut. Brut. 17.1, and 18; Ant. 13; Caes. 66.3; App. BC 2.117; Dio 44.19.1-3). He fled, but later, with the backing of Lepidus and his troops (see Master of Horse, and Promagistrates), recovered himself, secured possession of Caesar's papers and his treasury, and used a period of accommodation with the Liberators and the help of Caesar's veterans to become master of the situation in Rome. Brutus and Cassius were driven out of the capital and received commands (see below, Praetors), and other Liberators succeeded to commands which had been assigned to them by Caesar (see Promagistrates), while Antony himself gained command of Macedonia (and Dolabella of Syria) in April (Cic. Att. 14.9.3, and 14.4; Die 45.15.2; 47.29.1; cf. App. BC 3.8, and 12, and 24, and 27; 4.57; Nic. Dam. Vit. Caes. 30; see Holmes Architect 188-190) and of Caesar's army there, and then early in June secured by plebiscite the Gallic provinces instead, while both he and Dolabella were confirmed in their commands for five years (Cic. Phil. 1.19 and 25; 2.6 and 109; 5.7-8; 8.28; Att. 15.11.4; Liv. Per. 11-7; Vell. 2.60.5; App. BC 3.27-30; Dio 45.9, and 20, and 22, and 25). Within this period after the Ides of March several other pieces of legislation were carried: a Lex Antonia to confirm Caesar's acts (Cic. Phil. 1.16-24; 2.100; 5.8 and 10; 6.3; 10.17; 13.31; Fam. 12.4.6; Att. 14.9.2, and 12.1; App. BC 2.135; 3.5, and 22; Dio 44.53.2; 45.23), and another abolishing the dictatorship (Cic. Phil. 1.3; 2.91; Liv. Per. 116; App. BC 3.25; Dio 44.51.2), and with his colleague Dolabella one making fresh assignments of land to veterans (Cic. Phil. 5. 10; cf. 2. 100 and 112; Att. 14.7.2; App. BC 3.57). A Lex Antonia added a third panel to the juries, one of centurions without census rating (Cic. Phil. 1.19-20; 5.8; 13.3 and 5), while another permitted appeal by persons condemned in the quaestiones perpetuae de vi and de maiestate (Cic. Phil. 1.21; cf. 13.5; Dio 46.36.2). In addition there was a large amount of legislation for which Antony claimed the authority of Caesar's acta one to recall exiles (Cic. Phil. 2.98; 5.11; Dio 45.25.2; 46.15.2), one to grant full Roman citizenship to all of Sicily (Cic. Att. 14.12.1; Phil. 1.24; 2.92; 3.30; 5.12; 7.15), one to restore Deiotarus of Galatia to his full rights as King in Galatia (Cic. Phil. 2.93-94; Att. 14.12.1, and 19.2), and one to relieve the island of Crete of vectigalia, and make it no longer a province after Brutus' governorship (Cic. Phil. 2.97; Dio 45.32.4; 46.23.3). Meantime, rising support for Caesar's heir, the young Octavian, and the growth of opposition to Antony among the moderate Caesarians led by Hirtius and Pansa caused him increasing difficulty, which was augmented when two of his legions on their way from Macedonia to attack Decimus Brutus in Cisalpine Gaul deserted to Octavian. Toward the end of the year he entered Cisalpine Gaul. to enforce his claim to that province against the Proconsul Decimus Brutus, who insisted that he was remaining as the legitimate governor. On Antony's acts from March 15 until the end of the year the chief texts are found in Cic. Ait. 14-16; Fam. 6.16- 17; 7.19-22; 9.14; 10-12 passim; Phil. 1-14 passim; Liv. Per. 116-118; Nic. Dam. Vit. Caes. 17-18, and 21-31, FGrH 2A.399f., and 405-420; Vell. 2.58-61; Plut. Caes. 67; Ant. 14-16; Brut. 18-26; Suet. Iul. 82-84; Aug. 10; App. BC 2.117-3.49; Dio 44.20-45.16; Oros. 6.18.1; Zonar. 10.12-14. See D.-G. 1.57-166; RE cols. 2598-2602; T. Rice Holmes, Architect of the Roman Empire 1-37. (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Special Commissioners 44 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • By decree of the Senate Antony and his colleague Dolabella were empowered to review, with the assistance of a commission, measures in Caesar's papers which he had planned but not published, but a law promulgated by Antony early in May and carried on June 2 nullified this measure by naming the two Consuls only as the commission (Cic. Att. 16.16C.11, and 16F.18; Phil. 2.100; 5.10; Dio 44.53.4; 45.23.7). (Broughton MRR II)
• Flamen Iulialis 44 to after 31 (Rüpke 2005) Expand
  • According to Cicero, Antony was named a Flamen of the deified Caesar in Caesar's lifetime (Phil. 2.110; 13.41 and 47; Dio 44.6.4; cf. Suet. Iul. 76.1; App. BC 2.106). (Broughton MRR II)
  • After the Treaty of Misenum he was formally inaugurated as Flamen (#) of the deified Caesar (Plut. Ant. 33.1). (Broughton MRR II)
• Lupercus Iulianus 43 (Rüpke 2005)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 43 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • These three commanders (see below, Promagistrates, on Antony and Lepidus, and above, Consuls, on Octavian) met in the autumn at the river Lavino near Bononia and determined to seize power, under the title of Triumviri Rei Publicae Constituendae, with consular imperium for five years, to hold powers of appointment of the city magistrates, and to divide the provinces of the West among them, the whole of Gaul except the Narbonese province to Antony, Narbonese Gaul and Nearer Spain to Lepidus, and to Octavian, Sicily, Sardinia, and Africa (Res Gest. D. Aug. 1, and 7; App. BC 4.2-3; Dio 46.54-56; cf, Suet. Aug. 27.1; 96.1; Plut. Cic. 46.2; Ant. 18-20; Flor. 2.16.6), while Lepidus as Consul the following year would remain in Rome and Antony and Octavian carry on the war with Brutus and Cassius. They also listed eighteen cities and their lands for division among the soldiers (App. BC 4.3, cf. 86; cf. ILS 886), and initiated an extensive proscription in order to rid themselves of personal enemies and to secure funds for their soldiers (Liv. Per. 120; Vell. 2.66.1; Suet. Aug. 27.1; App. BC 4.3, and 5; Dio 46.56; 47.6.5; on the details, see also Vell. 2.66-67; Val. Max. 6.5.7, and 7.2; Senec. Benef. 3.25; Plut. Cic. 46-49; Ant. 19-21; App. BC 4.3-51; Flor. 2.16; Dio 47.3-15; Oros. 6.18.9-12; cf. ILS 8393-CIL 6.1527, and see the new fragment, AJA 54 [1950] 223-226). On November 27 a bill was carried by the Tribune Titius establishing them as Triumviri until the end of 38 B. C. (Fast. Colot., Degrassi 273-275, 502; Liv. Per. 120; App. BC 4.7; Dio 47.2.1-2; cf. Grueber, CRRBM 2.395f.). See below, Promagistrates. (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Proconsul 43 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Proconsul, on the basis of a law carried early in June, 44, of Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul, probably like Dolabella in Syria for a term of five years (Cic. Att. 14.4.4; Phil. 1.8 and 19; 2.108-109; 3.3738; 5.5 and 7-9, with the emendation of sexennium to quinquennium; 7.2; 9.27; Liv. Per. 117; App. BC 3.30, and 37, and 49, and 63; Dio 45.25.1; 46.23.4). At the beginning of the year he was already besieging Decimus Brutus in Mutina (see below) and was acclaimed Imperator (Cic. Phil. 13.22), but in April was defeated by the Consuls and Octavian in battles at Forum Gallorum and Mutina (see above, Consuls, on Hirtius and Pansa; Cic. Phil. 5-14, passim, esp. 5, 6, 8, 9, and 12; Epp. passim, from January 1 to May 1 [ed. Tyrrell and Purser, nos. 816-849], esp. Fam. 12.4.1, and 5.2; 10.30; Ad Brut. 2.5.2; 1.3.4; Fam. 10.33; 11.9; Liv. Per. 118-119; Vell. 2.61.3-4; Suet. Aug. 10.3-4, and 11; Plut. Cic. 45. 3-4; Ant. 17.1; App. BC 3.49-76; Dio 45.1746.39; Eutrop. 7.1; Oros. 6.18.3-5; Zonar. 10.14), and soon afterwards was declared a public enemy (Cic. Ad Brut. 1.3a; Liv. Per. 119; Vell. 2.64.4; App. BC 3.63; Dio 46.39.3). In his flight westward he was joined by the forces of the Praetor Ventidius (see above), and united with Lepidus (see above), and later with Pollio and Plancus (see below), then, after compassing the destruction of Decimus Brutus, he returned to Cisalpine Gaul to meet Octavian and negotiate the establishment of the Second Triumvirate (Cic., Epp. from May 1 to July 28 passim [ed. Tyrrell and Purser nos. 850-916], esp. Fam. 11.10.3-4, and 13.1-3; 10.34, and 35; 10.21, and 23; 12.10.3; Ad Brut. 1.15.10; Fam. 10.24:.6; Liv. Per. 119; Vell. 2.62-66; Suet. Aug. 12; Plut. Cic. 45.3-46.3; Ant. 17.2-19.1; App. BC 3.80-88, and 96-98; 4.2; Dio 46.39- 56; Eutrop. 7.1; Oros. 6.18.7-9; see above, Triumviri R. P. C.). See D.-G. 1.166-270. (Broughton MRR II)
• Moneyer 43 to 31 (RRC) Expand
  • ref. 488-9 (RRC)
  • ref. 496 (RRC)
  • ref. 516-7 (RRC)
  • ref. 520-2 (RRC)
  • ref. 528-9 (RRC)
  • ref. 533 (RRC)
  • ref. 536 (RRC)
  • ref. 539 (RRC)
  • ref. 542- 6 (RRC)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 42 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • See 43, Triumviri R. P. C. They carried through the official deification of Iulius Caesar and confirmed other honors, including the oath taken by all senators to maintain his acts (Dio 47.18-19; cf. CIL 9.2628-ILS 72; 9.5136-ILS 73a; App. BC 1.4; 2.148). Their preparations for their campaign against Brutus and Cassius involved further exactions of funds, besides the proscriptions (App. BC 4.5, and 31-35; Plut. Ant. 21.3-4; Dio 47.16-17). Leaving Lepidus in charge in Rome, and dividing seven of his ten legions between them (Plut. Ant. 22; App. BC 4.3; Dio 47.20.1), Antony and Octavian, after a diversion against Sextus Pompey, brought their main forces to Macedonia and finally succeeded in crushing the forces of Brutus and Cassius in two battles at Philippi, the first unsuccessful, the second and final one on October 23 (Liv. Per. 123-124; Plut. Ant. 22; Brut. 28-53; App. BC 4.82, and 86-138; Dio 47.32.1, and 35-49; Oros. 6.18.13-16; cf. Vell. 2.70-72; Val. Max. 1.4.6, and 7.1; 5.1.11; 6.4.5, and 8.4; 9.9.2; Plin. NH 7.148; Joseph. AJ 14.294 and 301; BJ 1.236 and 242; Frontin. Str. 4.2.1; Suet. Aug. 13.1-2; 91.1; Flor. 2.17.5-15, and 18.1; Eutrop. 7.3; Auct. Vir. Ill. 82.6; 83.6; Zonar. 10.18-20; on the date of Philippi, Ann. Epig. 1922, no. 96). After Philippi the Triumviri redivided their armies, and decided to disband and provide settlements for all the soldiers who had completed their term of service. They also redivided their provinces. Antony kept Transalpine Gaul, to which he added the Narbonese province while attaching the Cisalpine one to Italy, and went on to recapture the East. Octavian retained both Africas, Sardinia and Sicily. Lepidus was to give up Spain, probably to Octavian, and to receive some compensation (it was eventually Africa) if suspicious reports regarding his loyalty should prove unfounded (see 41, Triumviri R. P. C.). Antony was to collect funds in the East while Octavian proceeded with the distribution of land and the settlement of veteran colonies in Italy. (Vell. 2.74.1; Joseph. AJ 14.301-323; BJ 1.242; Suet. Aug. 13.3; Plut. Ant. 23-24; App. BC 5.1, and 3-7, cf. 1.5; Dio 48.1-3, and 22.2; cf. Eutrop. 7.3.) (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Proquaestor 42 Gallia (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • 1 The use of the terms Legate and Proconsul under the Second Triumvirate is of necessity attended by uncertainty and confusion. Commanders, like Ventidius Bassus, who were for the most part ex-Consuls, held command over large and important areas and armies, and apparently acted with considerable initiative, are termed Legati in Latin sources such as the Periochae of Livy and Florus and # in Dio (Liv. Per. 127, 128; Flor. 2.19; Dio 48.41.5; cf. 49.21, and Act. Tr. for 38, on the title and triumph of Ventidius), and yet many of them appear in the lists of triumphs as Proconsuls. In mentioning the triumph of Domitius Calvinus, Dio (48.42.3-4) remarks that those in power granted honors at will # (see also 49.42.3; 54.12.1-2). Mommsen finds the beginning of this contradiction in Caesar's grant of triumphs at the end of 45 to his Legates Fabius Maximus and Q. Pedius (see 45, Promagistrates). Like these, the later commanders were Legates also under the superior imperium of the Triumviri, and their appearance as Proconsuls depended upon a fictive grant of imperium for the day of their triumph (Str. 1.125, 130f.; 2.245, note 1). The term Proconsul cannot refer to their status in command since a Legate never had more than an imperium pro praetore. The term Legatus pro consule does not occur, and indeed cannot occur because it is intrinsically self-contradictory (ibid. 1.130f.). Moreover it was simply this permission to triumph that made it logically possible for some of these Legates to accept acclamation as Imperator (see, on Sosius, Mommsen Str. 1.125). Mommsen's doctrine is difficult to test because in nearly all cases no official inscriptions remain from the period of command, and several of the commands are known only from the record of the triumph (see 34-32, Promagistrates, on Norbanus Flaccus, Statilius Taurus, Marcius Philippus, Olaudius Pulcher, and L. Cornificius). The term Legatus in Livy and Florus is strongly in his favor, since Die might have been affected by the regular system of Legati pro praetore in the Empire. However, as Canter saw (46-55), the situation was more complicated. The illogicality of a subordinate with an imperium pro consule occurs under Antony on the official coinage in Greece of M. lunius Silanus, who terms himself Quaestor pro consule (see 34, Promagistrates; note that in the Empire Pliny could be given the exceptional position of Legatus pro praetore consulari potestate), and raises the question how many commanders senior to Silanus may not also have held an imperium pro consule under the superior imperium of the Triumviri. Moreover, Sosius (Cos. 32) apparently termed himself Imperator on his coinage from 37 B. C. (see 37, Promagistrates), on a rather distant anticipation of the moment of a fictive grant of imperium pro consule for a day in 34; and there were others, like Laronius (see 33, Consules Suffecti), who took the title Imperator and did not triumph at all. The period of the Second Triumvirate was a period of transition in which irregularities and illogicalities could frequently occur in the government of the Roman Empire, before the Augustan regime rebuilt the pattern anew. I have therefore been inclined to keep the question open; and to list among the Promagistrates the holders of important commands under Octavian and Antony who received acclamation as Imperatores or celebrated triumphs. It must be granted that the superior position of the Triumvirs in this period made the difference between the functions of a Promagistrate and of a Legate much less than it had been before. See Ganter 46-55. (Broughton MRR II)
  • Proconsul in Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul under the arrangement made by the Triumvirs in November 43, and in Transalpine and Narbonese Gaul under the new division after Philippi (see 43, and 42, Triumviri R.P.C.). (Broughton MRR II)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 41 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • In accordance with his agreement with Octavian (see 42, Triumviri R. P. C.), Antony proceeded with his task of raising money and supplies, and of reorganizing the East. He went first to Bithynia and then to Asia, summoned Cleopatra from Egypt to meet him in Cilicia, and went on to Syria, and spent the winter of 41-40 in Egypt (Plut. Ant. 23-30; App. BC 5.4-11; Dio 48.24-25; cf. on Tarsus, Strabo 14.5.14; on his fleet, Plut. Ant. 30; App. BC 5.55; on his exactions in Asia, App. BC 5.5-7; Plut. Ant. 24.5-6; Dio 42.24; and Joseph. AJ 14.301-329, and Bi 1.243-247, on the Jews and the Syrian cities). See 40, Triumviri R. P. C. (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 40 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Roused from his winter in Egypt by news of the Parthian invasion of Syria under Labienus, Antony proceeded to Phoenicia, where full details reached him of the course and outcome of the Perusine war, probably followed soon after by news of Octavian's seizure of Transalpine Gaul. Gathering his forces he went to Greece and after secret negotiations with Sextus Pompey began an invasion of Italy, but friends (and soldiers) of both leaders intervened and negotiated the Pact of Brundisium (Vell. 2.76; Plut. Ant. 30; App. BC 5.52-64; Dio 48.15, and 24, and 27- 28; cf. Scholia on Hor. Sat. 1.5.29-Livy, fr. 51-53 W, referring to 37). A new distribution of provinces placed the western provinces under the control of Octavian, while Antony kept command of all provinces east of Scodra on the Adriatic, and Lepidus continued in Africa. Both were to have access to Italy and to have the right to levy recruits there, and Antony, since Fulvia had died, agreed to marry Octavian's sister Octavia and to aid in the struggle with Sextus Pompey (Plut. Ant. 30; Suet. Nero 3.2; Tac. Ann. 1.10; App. BC 5.65 and 93; Dio 48.28-30; 50.1.3, and 26.1; Zonar. 10.22). Both, acclaimed Imperatores, went to Rome to celebrate the wedding and games for the peace, but famine and riots due to the operations of Sextus Pompey compelled them to seek negotiations with him (App. BC 5.65-69; Dio 48.30-33; Liv. Per. 127; cf. Vell. 2.76.4-77.1; Plut. Ant. 31.2-32.1; Suet. Aug. 16.1; Oros. 6.18.19-20; Zonar. 10.22). (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Triumphator 40 (Rich 2014) Expand
  • Ovation quod pacem cum Imp. Caesar fecit. Itgenshorst no. 275, Rich no. 276. Not listed in MRR. (Rich 2014)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 39 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • The Triumvirs secured ratification from the Senate of their acts to date, levied new taxes, appointed new senators, and named magistrates for several years in advance (Dio 48.34-35). Famine in the city and disorders compelled Antony and Octavian to make overtures to Sextus Pompey which after some hesitation he accepted, and an agreement for peace was arranged and celebrated at Puteoli (Plut. Ant. 32; App. BC 67-74; Dio 48.36-38; cf. Vell. 2.77; Flor. 2.18.4; Oros. 6.18.20). The terms were as follows: commerce should be open; Pompey should remove his garrisons from Italy, keep Sardinia, Corsica and Sicily, and receive the Peloponnese; he undertook not to harbour runaway slaves; exiles were permitted to return, except those implicated in the murder of Caesar, and should receive their property again, except that the proscribed should get one-fourth; some were to receive tribuneships, praetorships, and priesthoods at once; the slaves in Pompey's forces should remain free, and the freemen should receive the same rewards as the soldiers of Antony and Octavian; Pompey himself was designated Consul for 33, and was to be raised to his father's priesthood, the augurate, and receive 70 million HS from his father's estate (Plut., App., Dio, as above; ILS 8891; cf. Liv. Per. 127; Vell. 2.77; Tac. Ann. 5.1; Dio 48.15.1-2, and 36.1 and 3-6, and 37.1; Auct. Vir. Ill. 84.3; Oros. 6.18.20). Antony then departed to Greece with Octavia to make preparation for the Parthian war and appointments of sub- commanders and kings, and wintered at Athens, meantime collecting the tribute from the Peloponnese before giving it to Sextus Pompey (Plut. Ant. 33; App. BC 5.75-76; Dio 48.35.1, and 39.2; cf. Grueber CRRBM 2.502- 505; IG 2.482, line 23; Senec. Suas. 1.6; Socrat. Rhod., in FGrH 2B.927f.). He accepted a salutation as Imperator for the victories of Pollio and Ventidius (see Promagistrates; Grueber, CRRBM 2.505f.; see CAH 10.50, note 1). Octavian meanwhile departed to Gaul (App. BC 75) but returned soon to face, as he claimed, a resumption of piratical activity on the part of Sextus Pompey (App. BC 5.77; Flor. 2.18.5; cf. Dio 48.45.4-9, under 38). Lepidus remained inconspicuously governor of Africa, retaining the Antonian legions formerly commanded by Sextius (App. BC 5.71, and 75). (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 38 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • The outbreak of fresh hostilities between Octavian and Sextus Pompey brought Antony hastily back to Italy for a meeting with Octavian at which the latter failed to appear (App. BC 5.78-79; Dio 48.46). Antony then proceeded to Syria where he superseded the victorious Ventidius Bassus (see below), and went on with the siege of Antiochus of Commagene at Samosata, but ended by negotiating a settlement (Plut. Ant. 34-36.1; Dio 49.21-22; cf. Joseph. AJ 14.440-447; BJ 1.321-322 and 327). (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 37 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Imp. Caesar Divi f. Pat. (Iulius 132) Cos. Suff. 43, Cos. 33,31-23, 5,2 At a meeting at Tarentum in the spring of this year Antony and Octavian agreed to extend the Triumvirate for a second term of five years, counting retroactively from the end of the first on December 31, 38, and to maintain the same division of provinces as at the Pact of Brundisium in 40 (Fast. Cap., Degrassi 58f., 135, 506f.; App. BC 5.95; Dio 48.54.6; cf. on Octavian's title, Act. Tr. for 36, Degrassi 86f., 569; CIL 5.525-ILS 77; 11.1330-ILS 78, without the ma.. of iteration; and on coins, Grueber, CRRBM 2.580, in 36 from Africa). Antony had also returned to bring aid at Octavian's request (see 38, Legates, on Maecenas), but the latter was unwilling to accept it. Octavia's mediation led to the meeting at Tarentum (see above), where Antony also agreed to loan Octavian 120 ships, to which Octavia secured the addition of 20 more, while Octavian in return was to give Antony 20,000 Italian legionaries (and actually did add a guard of 1000 for Octavia herself), and Sextus Pompey was to be debarred from his promised consulate and augurate (App. BC 5.94-95; Dio 48.54; cf. Plut. Ant. 35; and Hor. Sat. 1.5, and Scholiasts). Antony then returned to the East, sending Octavia back from Corcyra (cf. Dio 48.54.5) and leaving his children in Italy, but his return to Italy had cost him the opportunity presented by a year of dynastic crisis in Parthia (Plut. Ant. 35-37; App. BC 5.95; Dio 48.54.5-6; 49.23; cf. Iustin. 42.4.15-5 . 2; on the execution of the Jewish prince Antigonus, see Joseph. AJ 15.9; BJ 1.357). Octavian and Agrippa (see above, Consuls) hastened their preparations for the war with Pompey, while Lepidus was expected to bring him aid from Africa (App. BC 5.97). See below, Promagistrates, on Sosius. (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 36 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Octavian's great task, in which Lepidus was to share, was the defeat of Sextus Pompey and the winning of Sicfiy. With Antony's ships on the one hand and Agrippa's new fleet on the other, and a considerable army poised for the crossing of the Sicilian strait, he began serious operations about the first of July. Agrippa was victorious in the naval battle at Mylae and began to reduce the ports on the northern coast of Sicily, but the forces that crossed in the meantime with Octavian to Tauromenium were cut off by Pompey's navy and placed in a precarious situation until they fought their way under Cornificius toward Agrippa at Mylae. Octavian meantime with the eastern navy and the forces in Italy was isolated and placed in jeopardy on the Italian side of the straits. After the relief of the forces already in Sicily Octavian managed to ferry the rest of his army to Sicily, and uniting with Lepidus (see below) stood ready to attack Messana. At this point Sextus Pompey decided to stake all upon a naval battle at Naulochus on September 3, and when defeated fled to the East with a few followers, while his Lieutenants, his army, and the remnants of his fleet surrendered (App. BC 5.96-122; Dio 49.1-10; cf. ILS 8893; Liv. Per. 129; Vell. 2.79; Plin. NH 7.178; Suet. Aug. 16; Flor. 2.18.7-9; Eutrop. 7.6; Oros. 6.18.25-30; Zonar. 10.25; and on the date of Naulochus, Fast. Amit., CIL 12.1, p. 244, and 328 with the Consuls of 39, and Fast. Arv., ibid. 214). Meantime Lepidus, who came from Africa in fulfillment of his part of the plan of attack (App. BC 5.97-98; Dio 49.1.1), captured the southern and western parts of the island, and at Messana accepted the surrender of the town over Agrippa's objections in Octavian's absence, and added Pompey's forces to his own. Octavian won his army from him, expelled him from membership in the Triumvirate (without waiting to consult Antony), and from his provincial command, but left him his life and his priesthood (App. BC 5.117, and 122-126, and 134; Dio 49.8, and 11-12; 50.1.3, and 20.3; cf. Liv. Per. 129; Fer. Cum., ILS 108; Vell. 2.80; Suet. Aug. 16.4; Plut. Ant. 55.1; Tac. Ann. 1.2; Oros. 6.18.30-32; Zonar. 10.25). Octavian had then to calm a mutiny among the veterans with distributions of rewards and with promises (Vell. 2.81; App. BC 5.127-129; Dio 49.13-15; Oros. 6.18.33; on the settlement at Capua, see CIL 10.3938-ILS 6317; Strabo 10.4.9; Vell. 2.81.2; Dio 49.14.5). He received high honors upon his return to Rome, including an ovatio and the personal sacrosanctity of a Tribune of the Plebs (App. BC 5.130-132; Dio 49.15; cf. on the ovatio, Act. Tr., Degrassi 86f., 569; Fast. Barb., ibid. 342f.; Res Gest. D. Aug. 4; Suet. Aug. 22; Oros. 6.18.34; Jerome Chr. ad ann. 33, p. 162 Helm). He now gave attention to the problem of restoring order in Italy (App. BC 5.132; cf. CIL 12.2.1860-ILS 2488; Suet. Aug. 32. 1; see Promagistrates, on Calvisius). Meantime Antony proceeded with his long-planned invasion of Parthia. Though he lost his siege train on the way he penetrated through Armenia to Phraaspa and besieged the town, but was compelled to raise the siege by the approach of winter, and suffered great losses on the retreat from both the Parthians and the wintry conditions (Plut. Ant. 37-51; Dio 49.24-32; cf. Liv. Per. 130; Strabo 11.13.4, and 14.9; Vell. 2.82.1-3; Frontin. Str. 2.3.15; Flor. 2.20; Iustin 42.5.3; Eutrop. 7.6; Auct. Vir. Ill. 85.4; Oros. 6.19.1; Zonar. 10.26). This year saw also the completion of much, of Antony's reorganization of the client kingdoms and lesser principalities of Syria and Asia Minor (for the texts, see on Asia Minor, Broughton, ESAR 4.588-590; and a full discussion in Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 35 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Antony's commanders in Asia Minor captured Sextus Pompey and put him to death perhaps, though not certainly, at Antony's command (see below). He accepted a small body of reinforcements brought him by Octavia but sent her back from Athens to Rome (Plut. Ant. 53-54; Dio 49.33.3-4; Zonar. 10.26; cf. App. BC 5.138), while he went on with preparations for another invasion of Armenia and Parthia, this time aided by the desertion of Artavasdes of Media to his side (Liv. Per. 13 1; Plut. Ant. 52; App. BC 5.145; Dio 49.33, and 44; cf. Oros. 6.19.3). Meantime his supposed victories of the previous year had received formal honors in Rome (Dio 49.18.6-7, and 32.1-2). See below, Envoys, on Dellius. (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 34 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Antony occupied Armenia with the aid of his new ally the king of the Medes, and brought the king of Armenia captive to Alexandria (Dio 49.39-40; cf. Liv. Per. 131; Vell. 2.82.3; Joseph. AJ 1,5.104; BJ 1.363; Plut. Ant. 50.2-4; Tac. Ann. 2.3; Oros. 6.19.3; cf. Grueber, CRRBM 2.521-523). Upon his return he celebrated a triumph at Alexandria, and in the famous Alexandrian donations made assignments of future kingdoms to Cleopatra and their children (Plut. Ant. 54.3-6; Dio 49.40-41; cf. CIL 3.7232; Grueber, CRRBM 2.525; Joseph. AJ 15.88-107; BJ 1.359-363). On his summons to Herod to answer for the death of the young High Priest Aristobulus, see Joseph. AJ 15.62-67 and 74-79, spring 34. (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Triumphator? 34 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Triumph? ex Armenia. Held in Alexandria, not granted by senate. MRR II.411. Not listed in Itgenshorst or Rich. (Broughton MRR II)
• Consul 34 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Fast. Mag. Vic., Degrassi 282f., 288, cf. 136, 508f.; Dio, 49, Index. According to Dio (49.39. 1) he resigned the first day and was succeeded by L. Sempronius Atratinus (see below). Of. Grueber, CRRBM 2.525, Cos. iter. Design. tert. (Broughton MRR II)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 33 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • In a third expedition into Armenia Antony penetrated to the Araxes. He gave the Median king a portion of Armenia and betrothed his son Alexander to the daughter of the Mede, and received the standards which had been captured in 36 from Oppius Statianus (Dio 49.44.2-3; cf. Plut. Ant. 56.1). Relations with Octavian steadily deteriorated as envoys went back and forth with charge and counter-charge (Dio 50.1.1-2.2; cf. Suet. Aug. 63.2, and 69-70; Plut. Ant. 55). (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 32 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Though their term of five years had technically expired both Antony and Octavian made use of offers to resign their powers as propaganda. Antony continued to employ the title (Grueber, CRRBM 2.526-531), but Octavian did not. As relations with Octavian deteriorated Antony divorced Octavia, and proceeded with the mobilization of land and sea forces at Samos and Ephesus, and late in the year advanced to establish his headquarters in Greece (Liv. Per. 132; Plut. Ant. 56-57; Dio 50.2-8; on Octavia, see also Liv. Per. 132; Eutrop. 7.6; Oros. 6.19.4; Serv. on Aen. 8.678; on his forces, also Strabo 8.4.3; 14.1.42; Vell. 2.84.2; Joseph. AJ 14.449; Plut. Ant. 60; 67.3; 69.2; Dio 49.33.1, and 44.3; 50.6.4-5, and 9.3, and 11.3, and 13.5; 51.5.6; Oros. 6.19.6-7 and 9 and 15; cf. Grueber, CRRBM 2.526-530, his legionary coinage; and see Tarn, CQ 26 [1932] 75-81; and opposed, C. Goodfellow, Roman Citizenship 63-67). Octavian's use of titles is uncertain (cf. the vague terms of Res Gest. D. Aug. 34), but in his opposition to the Consuls, his seizure of Antony's will from the house of the Vestals, his declaration of war against Cleopatra, his exaction of a personal oath of allegiance from almost all the communities of the West, his exactions of taxes and mobilization of forces, he assumed full powers over those of Consuls or Proconsuls as a leader for war (Res Gest. D. Aug. 25 and 34; Liv. Per. 132; Dio 50.2-10; on Antony's will, Vell. 2.83.1-2; Plut. Ant. 58.2-4; Suet. Aug. 17; Dio 50.3.1-4.1; the declaration of war, Plut. Ant. 60; Dio 50.4.3-6.1, and 21.1, and 26.3; on the taxes, Plut. Ant. 58; Dio 50.10.4-5, and 16.3, and 20.3; 53.2.3; on his forces, Plut. Ant. 62; Dio 50.6.4, and 7.2). See Syme, Roman Revolution 278-293; Grant, From Imperium to Auctoritas 416-423; and on the date of expiration of the Second Triumvirate, Gage, Res Gest. D. Aug. pp. 85 and 144f., and discussions cited there. (Broughton MRR II)
  • His quaestorship, in spite of uncertain evidence in Cicero (Phil. 2.49-50; cf. Mil. 40), should be dated to 51, not 52. Given that he was born on January 14, 83, he had met the age requirement for 52, and, owing to the extreme lateness of the elections for 53, was eligible even for that year (see A. Degrassi, Inscr. Ital. 13.2.397-8; G. V. Sumner, Phoenix 25, 1971, 363). After his service as praef. eq. under Gabinius in Syria (MRR 2.205, 213, 220), he went to Caesar in Gaul, probably in 54, and returned from there to Rome with Caesar's support in 53 to run for the quaestorship of 52, and became involved in the disorderly struggle between Clodius and Milo (Cic. Phil. 48-49; Mil. 40). After the death of Clodius he appears as a subscriptor in April 52, to the accusation against Milo (Ascon. 41C), at a moment when the magistrates for 52, with the exception of one consul, had all been elected (Ascon. 37C, on the election of the triumviri capitales, the lowest and last on the list). There is no further mention of candidacy for 52 or of office in that year. The elections for 51 were probably held in the early autumn of 52, after which Antonius, chosen as Caesar’s quaestor sine sorte, departed for Gaul without waiting for legal formalities to be completed (Cic. Phil. 2.50; Att. 6.6.4; Fam. 2.15.4). In autumn 52 Caesar terms him legatus (BG 7.81.6), but late in 52 and during 51 his title is quaestor (Hirtius in BG 8.2.1, 24.2, and 38.1), then in 50 it reverts to legatus (BG 8.46.4; cf. 47.2, 48.1). In BG 8.50.1-3 emphasis on his relation to Caesar brings back the title quaestor; cf. Pompey in Cicero, Au. 7.8.5, when Antonius was already a tribunus plebis. See J. Linderski and Anna Kaminska-Linderski, Phoenix 28, 1974, 213-223; and Shackleton Bailey, CLA 3.272. Master of Horse with Caesar Dictator, 48, 47 (see MRR 2.272, 286, 295). Dio records augural opposition to more than a six-month term as Mag. Eq. (42.21.1-2; cf. 45.27.5, in a speech attributed to Cicero), but like Caesar as Dictator, he served full year terms (Dio 45.28.1). Consul 44. On the bill of Antonius and Dolabella to assign land to veterans (MRR 2.317), refer also to Cic. Fam. 11.2.3; Phil. 5.7 and 9; Dio 45.9.1. He is mentioned, probably as a IIIvir r. p. c., in an inscription of Ephesus which refers to honors doe the deified Caesar (Forsch. Ephesus 4.3.208f., no. 4-AEpig. 1952, no. 216). (Broughton MRR III)
• Consul 31 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
  • Designated Consul for this year (App. BC 5.73; Dio 50.4:.3, and 10.1 cf. Degrassi 136 on Fast. Cap.), but deprived of his office (Dio, Degrassi). He styled himself Cos. Tert. on his coinage (Grueber, CRRBM 2.531, and 583f.). On the Actium campaign, see below, Promagistrates, on Agrippa. (Broughton MRR II)

< Back to results