Digital Prosopography of the Roman Republic

IULI2597 C. Iulius (132) C. f. C. n. Fab. Caesar Octavianus = C. Octavius C. f. Sca. Thurinus (or Caepias)

Status

  • Patrician
  • Nobilis Expand

    [Cic.] Ep. Ad Octavian. 9 (nobilitas gained on adoption), Hor. Carm. 4.12, Porphry. Hor. Carm. 4.12, [Acro.] Hor. Carm. 4.12, Macrob. 2.1.8ff, 7.3.7 ("C. Octavius", Cicero disputing nobility), Auson. XII Caes. Tetrasticha 2.9-10, SHA. Macrin. 5.5

Life Dates

  • 63, birth (Rüpke 2005)
  • A.D. 14, death (Rüpke 2005)

Relationships

son of
1 Atia (34) maior (daughter of M. Atius (Attius 11) Hor. Balbus (pr. before 59)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Aur. Vict. 1.1, Plut. Ant. 31.1, Plut. Cic. 44.5, Suet. Aug. 4.1, Suet. Caes. 83.2, Tac. dial. 28.5

2 C. Octavius (15) Sca. (pr. 61) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Aur. Vict. 1.1, Dio XLV 1.1, Plin. n.h. XXXVI 36, Plut. Cic. 44.5, Suet. Aug. 100.1, Suet. Aug. 3.1, Suet. Aug. 4.1, Vell. II 59.2

adopted son of
C. Iulius (131) C. f. C. n. Fab. Caesar (cos. 59) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Ampel. 41.4, App. Ib. 102 (444), Auct. vir. ill. 79.1, Aur. Vict. 1.1, Cic. Phil. V 32, Cic. Phil. V 49, Cic. Phil. XI 37, Dio L 28.1, Dio LI 20.6, Dio LI 22.1, Dio XLIII 41.3, Dio XLIV 35.2, Dio XLV 11.2, Dio XLV 12.2, Dio XLV 14.3, Dio XLV 1.1, Dio XLV 5.4, Dio XLV 6.2, Dio XLV 7.3, Dio XLVI 31.1, Dio XLVI 35.2, Dio XLVI 47.4, Dio XLVI 48.1, Dio XLVI 49.3, Dio XLVI 3.2, Dio XLVII 22.4, Dio XLVII 7.2, Dio XLVIII 3.6, Eutr. VII 1.2, Eutr. VII 2.1, Flor. II 14.3, Flor. II 16, Liv. per. 116, Oros. VI 20.5, Plin. n.h. II 98, Plin. n.h. VII 147, Plin. n.h. XXXV 91, Strab. XIV 2.19 (657 C), Suet. Aug. 29.2, Suet. Aug. 8.1f., Val. Max. I 7.2, Vell. II 39.2, Vell. II 59.1, Vell. II 59.3, Vell. II 59.5, Vell. II 60.2, Vell. II 61.1, Vell. II 65.1

brother of
Octavia (96) minor (daughter of C. Octavius (15) Sca. (pr. 61)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Dio XLVIII 31.3, Eutr. VII 6.1, Liv. per. 140, Plin. n.h. XIX 24, Plut. Popl. 17.5, Sen. dial. XI cons. ad Pol. 15.3, Strab. V 3.8 (236 C), Suet. Aug. 29.4, Suet. Aug. 61.2, Suet. Caes. 27.1, Val. Max. IX 15.2, Vell. II 78.1

? Marcia (115) (daughter of L. Marcius (76) L. f. Q. n. Philippus (cos. 56)) (DPRR Team)
? L. Marcius (77) L. f. L. n. Philippus (cos. suff. 38) (DPRR Team)
Octavia (95) maior (daughter of C. Octavius (15) Sca. (pr. 61)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Suet. Aug. 4.1

betrothed to
Servilia (104) (daughter of P. Servilius (67) P. f. C. n. Isauricus (cos. 48)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Suet. Aug. 62.1f.

married to
1 Claudia (390) (daughter of P. Clodius (48) Ap. f. Pal. Pulcher (aed. cur. 56)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Dio XLVIII 4.1, Oros. VI 18.8, Plut. Ant. 20.1, Vell. II 65.2

2 Scribonia (32) (daughter of L. Scribonius (19) Libo (pr.? 80)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. b.c. V 53 (222), Dio XLVIII 16.3, Suet. gramm. 19

3 Livia (37) (daughter of M. Livius (19) Drusus (Claudianus) (pr.? 50)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Plin. n.h. X 154, Plin. n.h. XII 94, Strab. V 3.8 (236 C), Suet. Claud. 1.1, Suet. Tib. 4.3, Vell. II 79.2, Vell. II 94.1

divorced from
1 Claudia (390) (daughter of P. Clodius (48) Ap. f. Pal. Pulcher (aed. cur. 56)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Dio XLVIII 5.1

2 Scribonia (32) (daughter of L. Scribonius (19) Libo (pr.? 80)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Dio XLVIII 34.3, Suet. Aug. 62.1f., Suet. Aug. 69.1

father of
2 Iulia (550) (daughter of C. Iulius (132) C. f. C. n. Fab. Caesar Octavianus = C. Octavius C. f. Sca. Thurinus (or Caepias) (cos. suff. 43)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Dio XLVIII 34.3, Suet. Aug. 29.4

adoptive father of
-. Claudius (139) Drusus (son of Ti. Claudius (254) Ti. f. Ap. n. Nero (pr. 42)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Aur. Vict. 2.1, Liv. per. 138, Oros. VI 21.23, Strab. VI 4.2 (288 C)

Ti. Claudius (Iulius 154) Nero (son of Ti. Claudius (254) Ti. f. Ap. n. Nero (pr. 42)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Aur. Vict. 2.1, Liv. per. 138, Oros. VI 21.23, Strab. VI 4.2 (288 C)

Career

  • Pontifex 48 to after 31 (Rüpke 2005) Expand
    • Successor to L. Domitius Ahenobarbus (Nic. Dam. Vit. Aug. 4, FGrH 2A.392). (Broughton MRR II)
    • A probable member of this college of priests about 31 B. C. In a number of instances the exact date when a priest became a member of his college is not known, and the conjecture is based on evidence of seniority such as the date of the consulship or some other office. The list of the Quindecimviri is based on Miss Hoffman's observation that the names listed in connection with the Saecular Games in 17 B. C. are arranged in the order of entrance into the college (see AJPh 73 [19521289-294). The names given below are drawn from Miss Hoffman's dissertation, The Membership of the Four Major Colleges of Priests from 44 B. C. to 37 A. D. (Bryn Mawr, 1951, available in microfilm). (Broughton MRR II)
    • See 47, Pontifices, on C. Octavius. (Broughton MRR II)
    • Pontifex, 47. In MRR 2.292, refer also to ILS 75-ILLRP 415. On the coins of his first consulship in 43 (MRR 2.336), before he styled himself Divi filius, see Crawford, RRC 1.499-500, no. 490; J. B. Giard, RN 13, 1971, 90-115. IIIvir r. p. c. In MRR 2.358, refer also to ILS 76-ILLRP 416, 43-40 B.C.; in 2.399, after ILS 8893, add ILLRP 417; in 2.400, 36 B.C., on his settlement of Capua, see CIL 10.3885-ILS 6308-ILLRP 482; in MRR 2.420, refer also to the monument and inscription at Actium, which Octavian had built there in honor of his victory (J. H. Oliver, AJPh 90, 1969, 178-182, and cf. bibliography there). On the names adopted by the future Augustus, see Syme, Historia 7, 1958, 172-188-RP 1.361-377; Shackleton Bailey, Studies 117118. On the legal status of Octavian and his soldiers from the time he began to recruit them in the summer of 44 until he received an official command pro praetore and took the fasces on January 7, 43, see J. Linderski, JRS 74, 1984, 76-80.[108x] (Broughton MRR III)
  • Praefectus Urbi 47 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • The future Augustus, named Praefectus Urbi while the Consuls celebrated the Latin Festival (Nic. Dam. Vit. Aug. 5, FGrH 2A.393). (Broughton MRR II)
  • Magister Equitum Designatus 45 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Fast. Cap., Degrassi 58f., 134, 500f., to take office when Lepidus should depart to his province, Degrassi 134; cf. Plin. NH 7.147; App. BC 3.30; Dio 43.51.7. (Broughton MRR II)
    • Pontifex, 47. In MRR 2.292, refer also to ILS 75-ILLRP 415. On the coins of his first consulship in 43 (MRR 2.336), before he styled himself Divi filius, see Crawford, RRC 1.499-500, no. 490; J. B. Giard, RN 13, 1971, 90-115. IIIvir r. p. c. In MRR 2.358, refer also to ILS 76-ILLRP 416, 43-40 B.C.; in 2.399, after ILS 8893, add ILLRP 417; in 2.400, 36 B.C., on his settlement of Capua, see CIL 10.3885-ILS 6308-ILLRP 482; in MRR 2.420, refer also to the monument and inscription at Actium, which Octavian had built there in honor of his victory (J. H. Oliver, AJPh 90, 1969, 178-182, and cf. bibliography there). On the names adopted by the future Augustus, see Syme, Historia 7, 1958, 172-188-RP 1.361-377; Shackleton Bailey, Studies 117118. On the legal status of Octavian and his soldiers from the time he began to recruit them in the summer of 44 until he received an official command pro praetore and took the fasces on January 7, 43, see J. Linderski, JRS 74, 1984, 76-80.[108x] (Broughton MRR III)
  • Moneyer 43 to 36 (RRC) Expand
    • ref. 490 (RRC)
    • ref. 493 (RRC)
    • ref. 497 (RRC)
    • ref. 518 (RRC)
    • ref. 523 (RRC)
    • ref. 529 (RRC)
    • ref. 534-5 (RRC)
    • ref. 537-8 (RRC)
    • ref. 540 (RRC)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 43 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • These three commanders (see below, Promagistrates, on Antony and Lepidus, and above, Consuls, on Octavian) met in the autumn at the river Lavino near Bononia and determined to seize power, under the title of Triumviri Rei Publicae Constituendae, with consular imperium for five years, to hold powers of appointment of the city magistrates, and to divide the provinces of the West among them, the whole of Gaul except the Narbonese province to Antony, Narbonese Gaul and Nearer Spain to Lepidus, and to Octavian, Sicily, Sardinia, and Africa (Res Gest. D. Aug. 1, and 7; App. BC 4.2-3; Dio 46.54-56; cf, Suet. Aug. 27.1; 96.1; Plut. Cic. 46.2; Ant. 18-20; Flor. 2.16.6), while Lepidus as Consul the following year would remain in Rome and Antony and Octavian carry on the war with Brutus and Cassius. They also listed eighteen cities and their lands for division among the soldiers (App. BC 4.3, cf. 86; cf. ILS 886), and initiated an extensive proscription in order to rid themselves of personal enemies and to secure funds for their soldiers (Liv. Per. 120; Vell. 2.66.1; Suet. Aug. 27.1; App. BC 4.3, and 5; Dio 46.56; 47.6.5; on the details, see also Vell. 2.66-67; Val. Max. 6.5.7, and 7.2; Senec. Benef. 3.25; Plut. Cic. 46-49; Ant. 19-21; App. BC 4.3-51; Flor. 2.16; Dio 47.3-15; Oros. 6.18.9-12; cf. ILS 8393-CIL 6.1527, and see the new fragment, AJA 54 [1950] 223-226). On November 27 a bill was carried by the Tribune Titius establishing them as Triumviri until the end of 38 B. C. (Fast. Colot., Degrassi 273-275, 502; Liv. Per. 120; App. BC 4.7; Dio 47.2.1-2; cf. Grueber, CRRBM 2.395f.). See below, Promagistrates. (Broughton MRR II)
  • Consul Suffectus 43 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Fast. Cap. (C. Iulius C. f. [C. n. Caesar, qui] postea Imp. [Caesar Divi f. appel.] est, Abd.), Degrassi 58f., 134, 502f.; Fast. Amit. (C. Iulius Divi f. Ca[esar]), ibid. 170f.; Fast. Amer., ibid. 242; Fast. Colot., ibid. 274f.; Fctst. Mag. Vic., ibid. 282f.; Res Gest. D. Aug. 1; cf. Dio 46.47.5, on his name; see below, Promagistrates. The development of the situation after the death of the two Consuls led Octavian in August to send a deputation of soldiers to demand election to the consulship for him and later to march on Rome at the head of his army. On August 19 he was elected to the consulship with Q. Pedius as his colleague through two persons who were themselves irregularly elected to act instead of Consuls (#, Dio 46.45.3) for the purpose (Liv. Per. 119; Res Gest. D. Aug. 1; Vell. 2.65.2, and 69.5, dated September 23; Suet. Aug. 26.1, and 31.2, and 95; Plut. Cic. 45.4-46.1; Brut. 27.1-2; Tac. Ann. 1.9; App. BC 3.82, and 86-94; Dio 46.41-46; 55.6.7; 56.30.5; Obseq. 69; Macrob. (Broughton MRR II)
    • Pontifex, 47. In MRR 2.292, refer also to ILS 75-ILLRP 415. On the coins of his first consulship in 43 (MRR 2.336), before he styled himself Divi filius, see Crawford, RRC 1.499-500, no. 490; J. B. Giard, RN 13, 1971, 90-115. IIIvir r. p. c. In MRR 2.358, refer also to ILS 76-ILLRP 416, 43-40 B.C.; in 2.399, after ILS 8893, add ILLRP 417; in 2.400, 36 B.C., on his settlement of Capua, see CIL 10.3885-ILS 6308-ILLRP 482; in MRR 2.420, refer also to the monument and inscription at Actium, which Octavian had built there in honor of his victory (J. H. Oliver, AJPh 90, 1969, 178-182, and cf. bibliography there). On the names adopted by the future Augustus, see Syme, Historia 7, 1958, 172-188-RP 1.361-377; Shackleton Bailey, Studies 117118. On the legal status of Octavian and his soldiers from the time he began to recruit them in the summer of 44 until he received an official command pro praetore and took the fasces on January 7, 43, see J. Linderski, JRS 74, 1984, 76-80.[108x] (Broughton MRR III)
  • Propraetor 43 Gallia Cisalpina (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • His private command and army were legitimized early in January by a grant with Cicero's sponsorship of imperium pro praetore, while the veterans he had diverted from Antony were to be rewarded at the public cost, and he was permitted to be a candidate for office ten years before the legal date and to possess a consular place (Cic. Phil. 5.45-46 and 53; 13.22; 14.6; Ad Brut. 1.15.7; Res Gest. D. Aug. 1; Liv. Per. 118; Vell. 2.61.3; Suet. Aug. 10.3; Plut. Cic. 45.3; Ant. 17.1; App. BC 3.5051, and 64, and 88; Dio 46.29). He assumed the fasces on January 7 at Spoletium (Fer. Cum., ILS 108; 112; Plin. NH 11.190). He co-operated with the Consuls Hirtius and Pansa, shared in the battles of Forum Gallorum and Mutina, and was saluted as Imperator along with them (Cic. Phil. 14.11 and 25 and 28 and 37; Fer. Cum., ILS 108; Ovid Fast. 4.675; Dio 46.38.1; see above, Consuls). After the death of the Consuls he refused to co-operate with Decimus Brutus and kept the legions of Hirtius with him, though commanded by the Senate to give them over (Cic. Fam. 10. 24.3; 11. 14.2, and 19. 1, and 20.4; App. BC 3.76, and 97), and was alienated from the Senate when Brutus and Cassius were given great commands (see these), and Decimus Brutus was decreed a triumph, while his ovatio, proposed by Cicero, was refused (Cic. Ad Brut. 1.15.9, and 4.4; Liv. Per. 119; Vell. 2.62.4-5; App. BC 3.74, and 80, and 82, and 89; Dio 46.40.1 and 3). Moreover, his soldiers resented both that he was not appointed to the board to reward them and that a senatorial commission attempted, disregarding him, to deal directly with them (Cic. Fam. 11.20.1-3, and 21.2; Vell. 2.62.5; Plut. Cic. 45; App. BC 3.74, and 86, and 89; Dio 46.40.4-41.4, cf. Liv. Per. 119). For over three months after the relief of Mutina he remained inactive, probably encouraging agitation for his consulship (Cic. Fam. 10.24.4-5; Ad Brut. 1.4A.4, and 10.3; Plut. Cic. 45-46; Comp. Dem. and Cic. 4; App. BC 3.82, and 92; Dio 46.41.5, and 42- 43), and preparing both for a restoration of relations with Antony and Lepidus (App. BC 3.80; Dio 46.41-42, and (Broughton MRR II)
    • Pontifex, 47. In MRR 2.292, refer also to ILS 75-ILLRP 415. On the coins of his first consulship in 43 (MRR 2.336), before he styled himself Divi filius, see Crawford, RRC 1.499-500, no. 490; J. B. Giard, RN 13, 1971, 90-115. IIIvir r. p. c. In MRR 2.358, refer also to ILS 76-ILLRP 416, 43-40 B.C.; in 2.399, after ILS 8893, add ILLRP 417; in 2.400, 36 B.C., on his settlement of Capua, see CIL 10.3885-ILS 6308-ILLRP 482; in MRR 2.420, refer also to the monument and inscription at Actium, which Octavian had built there in honor of his victory (J. H. Oliver, AJPh 90, 1969, 178-182, and cf. bibliography there). On the names adopted by the future Augustus, see Syme, Historia 7, 1958, 172-188-RP 1.361-377; Shackleton Bailey, Studies 117118. On the legal status of Octavian and his soldiers from the time he began to recruit them in the summer of 44 until he received an official command pro praetore and took the fasces on January 7, 43, see J. Linderski, JRS 74, 1984, 76-80.[108x] (Broughton MRR III)
  • Augur 43 to after 31 (Rüpke 2005) Expand
    • A probable member of this college of priests about 31 B. C. In a number of instances the exact date when a priest became a member of his college is not known, and the conjecture is based on evidence of seniority such as the date of the consulship or some other office. The list of the Quindecimviri is based on Miss Hoffman's observation that the names listed in connection with the Saecular Games in 17 B. C. are arranged in the order of entrance into the college (see AJPh 73 [19521289-294). The names given below are drawn from Miss Hoffman's dissertation, The Membership of the Four Major Colleges of Priests from 44 B. C. to 37 A. D. (Bryn Mawr, 1951, available in microfilm). The vacancies caused by the civil wars and the proscriptions were promptly filled with partisans of Antony and Octavian or persons who were restored in 39 by the Treaty of Misenum, for in 36 Messalla Corvinus was added to the college as a supernumerary member. See Dio 48.36.4; 49.16.1; cf. 48.43.2. (Broughton MRR II)
    • See 42, Augurs, on C. Iulius Caesar Octavianus. (Broughton MRR II)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 42 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • See 43, Triumviri R. P. C. They carried through the official deification of Iulius Caesar and confirmed other honors, including the oath taken by all senators to maintain his acts (Dio 47.18-19; cf. CIL 9.2628-ILS 72; 9.5136-ILS 73a; App. BC 1.4; 2.148). Their preparations for their campaign against Brutus and Cassius involved further exactions of funds, besides the proscriptions (App. BC 4.5, and 31-35; Plut. Ant. 21.3-4; Dio 47.16-17). Leaving Lepidus in charge in Rome, and dividing seven of his ten legions between them (Plut. Ant. 22; App. BC 4.3; Dio 47.20.1), Antony and Octavian, after a diversion against Sextus Pompey, brought their main forces to Macedonia and finally succeeded in crushing the forces of Brutus and Cassius in two battles at Philippi, the first unsuccessful, the second and final one on October 23 (Liv. Per. 123-124; Plut. Ant. 22; Brut. 28-53; App. BC 4.82, and 86-138; Dio 47.32.1, and 35-49; Oros. 6.18.13-16; cf. Vell. 2.70-72; Val. Max. 1.4.6, and 7.1; 5.1.11; 6.4.5, and 8.4; 9.9.2; Plin. NH 7.148; Joseph. AJ 14.294 and 301; BJ 1.236 and 242; Frontin. Str. 4.2.1; Suet. Aug. 13.1-2; 91.1; Flor. 2.17.5-15, and 18.1; Eutrop. 7.3; Auct. Vir. Ill. 82.6; 83.6; Zonar. 10.18-20; on the date of Philippi, Ann. Epig. 1922, no. 96). After Philippi the Triumviri redivided their armies, and decided to disband and provide settlements for all the soldiers who had completed their term of service. They also redivided their provinces. Antony kept Transalpine Gaul, to which he added the Narbonese province while attaching the Cisalpine one to Italy, and went on to recapture the East. Octavian retained both Africas, Sardinia and Sicily. Lepidus was to give up Spain, probably to Octavian, and to receive some compensation (it was eventually Africa) if suspicious reports regarding his loyalty should prove unfounded (see 41, Triumviri R. P. C.). Antony was to collect funds in the East while Octavian proceeded with the distribution of land and the settlement of veteran colonies in Italy. (Vell. 2.74.1; Joseph. AJ 14.301-323; BJ 1.242; Suet. Aug. 13.3; Plut. Ant. 23-24; App. BC 5.1, and 3-7, cf. 1.5; Dio 48.1-3, and 22.2; cf. Eutrop. 7.3.) (Broughton MRR II)
    • Pontifex, 47. In MRR 2.292, refer also to ILS 75-ILLRP 415. On the coins of his first consulship in 43 (MRR 2.336), before he styled himself Divi filius, see Crawford, RRC 1.499-500, no. 490; J. B. Giard, RN 13, 1971, 90-115. IIIvir r. p. c. In MRR 2.358, refer also to ILS 76-ILLRP 416, 43-40 B.C.; in 2.399, after ILS 8893, add ILLRP 417; in 2.400, 36 B.C., on his settlement of Capua, see CIL 10.3885-ILS 6308-ILLRP 482; in MRR 2.420, refer also to the monument and inscription at Actium, which Octavian had built there in honor of his victory (J. H. Oliver, AJPh 90, 1969, 178-182, and cf. bibliography there). On the names adopted by the future Augustus, see Syme, Historia 7, 1958, 172-188-RP 1.361-377; Shackleton Bailey, Studies 117118. On the legal status of Octavian and his soldiers from the time he began to recruit them in the summer of 44 until he received an official command pro praetore and took the fasces on January 7, 43, see J. Linderski, JRS 74, 1984, 76-80.[108x] (Broughton MRR III)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 41 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Returning from Macedonia early in 41 after a serious illness, Octavian set about the confiscations of lands and the rewarding of the veterans amid circumstances of great distress and disorder, which were heightened by Sextus Pompey's command of the sea (see below, Promagistrates). Opposition from the Consul Lucius Antonius, Antony's brother, and Fulvia, Antony's wife (see above, Consuls), led to open war, with Lucius Antonius under close siege by Octavian's forces in Perugia at the end of the year (App. BC -5.12-34; Dio 48.5-14; cf. Liv. Per. 125-126; Vell. 2.74.2-3; Tac. Ann. 1.10; Suet. Aug. 13-14; Plut. Ant. 30.1; Flor. 2.16; Eutrop. 7.3; Oros. 6.18.17-18; Vergil Ecl. 1, and 9, esp. 9.28; Prop. 4.1.129f.; Serv. Dan. on Ecl. 9.28). See below, Promagistrates, on Asinius Pollio, Munatius Plancus, and Ventidius Bassus. (Broughton MRR II)
  • Triumphator 40 (Rich 2014) Expand
    • Ovation quod pacem cum M. Antonio fecit. Itgenshorst no. 274. Rich no. 275. Not listed in MRR. (Rich 2014)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 40 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • He brought the Perusine war to a conclusion with the surrender of Lucius Antonius, whom he spared although he put to death many knights, senators and Perusines among his following (App. BC 5.34-49, and 61. Dio 48.14-15; cf. Propert. 2.1.29; Liv. Per. 126; Vell. 2.74.2; Senec. Clem. 1.11.1; Suet. Aug. 14-15; Bern. Schol. on Lucan 1.41, p. 14 U), while many Antonians, including his wife Fulvia, his mother Iulia, and a number of Antonian commanders, left Italy. Octavian's opportunity came when the death of Fufius Calenus in Gaul enabled him to seize command of eleven legions there (App. BC 5.50-51, cf. 54, and 59, and 60, and 61; Dio 48.20.3-4; cl. Vell. 2.75-76). He entered into negotiations with Sextus Pompey and married his relative Scribonia (App. BC 5.53; Dio 48.16.2-3, and 34.3; cf. CIL 6.746677-ILS 7429; 6.26032, 26033, 31276-ILS 8892; Tac. Ann. 2.27; Suet. Aug. 62.2, and 69.1; Grammat. 19; Zonar. 11.14). His conflict with Antony was temporarily resolved by the Pact of Brundisium (see above, on M. Antonius). (Broughton MRR II)
  • Quindecemvir Sacris Faciundis? 39 to 38 (Rüpke 2005)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 39 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • The Triumvirs secured ratification from the Senate of their acts to date, levied new taxes, appointed new senators, and named magistrates for several years in advance (Dio 48.34-35). Famine in the city and disorders compelled Antony and Octavian to make overtures to Sextus Pompey which after some hesitation he accepted, and an agreement for peace was arranged and celebrated at Puteoli (Plut. Ant. 32; App. BC 67-74; Dio 48.36-38; cf. Vell. 2.77; Flor. 2.18.4; Oros. 6.18.20). The terms were as follows: commerce should be open; Pompey should remove his garrisons from Italy, keep Sardinia, Corsica and Sicily, and receive the Peloponnese; he undertook not to harbour runaway slaves; exiles were permitted to return, except those implicated in the murder of Caesar, and should receive their property again, except that the proscribed should get one-fourth; some were to receive tribuneships, praetorships, and priesthoods at once; the slaves in Pompey's forces should remain free, and the freemen should receive the same rewards as the soldiers of Antony and Octavian; Pompey himself was designated Consul for 33, and was to be raised to his father's priesthood, the augurate, and receive 70 million HS from his father's estate (Plut., App., Dio, as above; ILS 8891; cf. Liv. Per. 127; Vell. 2.77; Tac. Ann. 5.1; Dio 48.15.1-2, and 36.1 and 3-6, and 37.1; Auct. Vir. Ill. 84.3; Oros. 6.18.20). Antony then departed to Greece with Octavia to make preparation for the Parthian war and appointments of sub- commanders and kings, and wintered at Athens, meantime collecting the tribute from the Peloponnese before giving it to Sextus Pompey (Plut. Ant. 33; App. BC 5.75-76; Dio 48.35.1, and 39.2; cf. Grueber CRRBM 2.502- 505; IG 2.482, line 23; Senec. Suas. 1.6; Socrat. Rhod., in FGrH 2B.927f.). He accepted a salutation as Imperator for the victories of Pollio and Ventidius (see Promagistrates; Grueber, CRRBM 2.505f.; see CAH 10.50, note 1). Octavian meanwhile departed to Gaul (App. BC 75) but returned soon to face, as he claimed, a resumption of piratical activity on the part of Sextus Pompey (App. BC 5.77; Flor. 2.18.5; cf. Dio 48.45.4-9, under 38). Lepidus remained inconspicuously governor of Africa, retaining the Antonian legions formerly commanded by Sextius (App. BC 5.71, and 75). (Broughton MRR II)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 38 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Octavian's war with Sextus Pompey began auspiciously with the defection of Pompey's Lieutenant Menodorus (see below, Legates) and the recapture of Sardinia, but the advance of his fleets, led by Calvisius and Menodorus, was checked by Pompey's Lieutenant Menecrates at Cumae, and Octavian's forces were attacked at the straits of Messana when they moved to join Calvisius (App. BC 5.80-88; Dio 48.46-48; cf. Liv. Per. 128). Soon afterwards the whole fleet was destroyed in a storm, and he had to retreat to Vibo and turn his efforts to the building of another fleet (App. BC 5.88-92; Dio 48.48-49.1; cf. Plin. NH 7.148; Suet. Aug. 16.1; Zonar. 10.23). Toward the end of the year he recalled Agrippa the incoming Consul from Gaul (Dio 48.49.2), and put him in charge of his preparations. (Broughton MRR II)
  • Quindecemvir Sacris Faciundis 37 to after 31 (Rüpke 2005) Expand
    • A probable member of this college of priests about 31 B. C. In a number of instances the exact date when a priest became a member of his college is not known, and the conjecture is based on evidence of seniority such as the date of the consulship or some other office. The list of the Quindecimviri is based on Miss Hoffman's observation that the names listed in connection with the Saecular Games in 17 B. C. are arranged in the order of entrance into the college (see AJPh 73 [19521289-294). The names given below are drawn from Miss Hoffman's dissertation, The Membership of the Four Major Colleges of Priests from 44 B. C. to 37 A. D. (Bryn Mawr, 1951, available in microfilm). The order of names and the seniority of careers indicate that the following men, who belonged to the college of Quindecimviri in 17 B. C., were members in 31 (CIL 6.32323-ILS 5050). See M. Hollmann, AJPh 73 (1952) 289-294. (Broughton MRR II)
    • See 37, Quindecimviri Sacris Faciundis. (Broughton MRR II)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 36 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Octavian's great task, in which Lepidus was to share, was the defeat of Sextus Pompey and the winning of Sicfiy. With Antony's ships on the one hand and Agrippa's new fleet on the other, and a considerable army poised for the crossing of the Sicilian strait, he began serious operations about the first of July. Agrippa was victorious in the naval battle at Mylae and began to reduce the ports on the northern coast of Sicily, but the forces that crossed in the meantime with Octavian to Tauromenium were cut off by Pompey's navy and placed in a precarious situation until they fought their way under Cornificius toward Agrippa at Mylae. Octavian meantime with the eastern navy and the forces in Italy was isolated and placed in jeopardy on the Italian side of the straits. After the relief of the forces already in Sicily Octavian managed to ferry the rest of his army to Sicily, and uniting with Lepidus (see below) stood ready to attack Messana. At this point Sextus Pompey decided to stake all upon a naval battle at Naulochus on September 3, and when defeated fled to the East with a few followers, while his Lieutenants, his army, and the remnants of his fleet surrendered (App. BC 5.96-122; Dio 49.1-10; cf. ILS 8893; Liv. Per. 129; Vell. 2.79; Plin. NH 7.178; Suet. Aug. 16; Flor. 2.18.7-9; Eutrop. 7.6; Oros. 6.18.25-30; Zonar. 10.25; and on the date of Naulochus, Fast. Amit., CIL 12.1, p. 244, and 328 with the Consuls of 39, and Fast. Arv., ibid. 214). Meantime Lepidus, who came from Africa in fulfillment of his part of the plan of attack (App. BC 5.97-98; Dio 49.1.1), captured the southern and western parts of the island, and at Messana accepted the surrender of the town over Agrippa's objections in Octavian's absence, and added Pompey's forces to his own. Octavian won his army from him, expelled him from membership in the Triumvirate (without waiting to consult Antony), and from his provincial command, but left him his life and his priesthood (App. BC 5.117, and 122-126, and 134; Dio 49.8, and 11-12; 50.1.3, and 20.3; cf. Liv. Per. 129; Fer. Cum., ILS 108; Vell. 2.80; Suet. Aug. 16.4; Plut. Ant. 55.1; Tac. Ann. 1.2; Oros. 6.18.30-32; Zonar. 10.25). Octavian had then to calm a mutiny among the veterans with distributions of rewards and with promises (Vell. 2.81; App. BC 5.127-129; Dio 49.13-15; Oros. 6.18.33; on the settlement at Capua, see CIL 10.3938-ILS 6317; Strabo 10.4.9; Vell. 2.81.2; Dio 49.14.5). He received high honors upon his return to Rome, including an ovatio and the personal sacrosanctity of a Tribune of the Plebs (App. BC 5.130-132; Dio 49.15; cf. on the ovatio, Act. Tr., Degrassi 86f., 569; Fast. Barb., ibid. 342f.; Res Gest. D. Aug. 4; Suet. Aug. 22; Oros. 6.18.34; Jerome Chr. ad ann. 33, p. 162 Helm). He now gave attention to the problem of restoring order in Italy (App. BC 5.132; cf. CIL 12.2.1860-ILS 2488; Suet. Aug. 32. 1; see Promagistrates, on Calvisius). Meantime Antony proceeded with his long-planned invasion of Parthia. Though he lost his siege train on the way he penetrated through Armenia to Phraaspa and besieged the town, but was compelled to raise the siege by the approach of winter, and suffered great losses on the retreat from both the Parthians and the wintry conditions (Plut. Ant. 37-51; Dio 49.24-32; cf. Liv. Per. 130; Strabo 11.13.4, and 14.9; Vell. 2.82.1-3; Frontin. Str. 2.3.15; Flor. 2.20; Iustin 42.5.3; Eutrop. 7.6; Auct. Vir. Ill. 85.4; Oros. 6.19.1; Zonar. 10.26). This year saw also the completion of much, of Antony's reorganization of the client kingdoms and lesser principalities of Syria and Asia Minor (for the texts, see on Asia Minor, Broughton, ESAR 4.588-590; and a full discussion in Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor (Broughton MRR II)
    • Pontifex, 47. In MRR 2.292, refer also to ILS 75-ILLRP 415. On the coins of his first consulship in 43 (MRR 2.336), before he styled himself Divi filius, see Crawford, RRC 1.499-500, no. 490; J. B. Giard, RN 13, 1971, 90-115. IIIvir r. p. c. In MRR 2.358, refer also to ILS 76-ILLRP 416, 43-40 B.C.; in 2.399, after ILS 8893, add ILLRP 417; in 2.400, 36 B.C., on his settlement of Capua, see CIL 10.3885-ILS 6308-ILLRP 482; in MRR 2.420, refer also to the monument and inscription at Actium, which Octavian had built there in honor of his victory (J. H. Oliver, AJPh 90, 1969, 178-182, and cf. bibliography there). On the names adopted by the future Augustus, see Syme, Historia 7, 1958, 172-188-RP 1.361-377; Shackleton Bailey, Studies 117118. On the legal status of Octavian and his soldiers from the time he began to recruit them in the summer of 44 until he received an official command pro praetore and took the fasces on January 7, 43, see J. Linderski, JRS 74, 1984, 76-80.[108x] (Broughton MRR III)
  • Triumphator 36 (Rich 2014) Expand
    • Ovation ex Sicilia. MRR II.400, Itgenshorst no. 280, Rich no. 281. (Rich 2014)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 35 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Octavian first returned to Sicily with the apparent intention of going to Africa (Dio 49.34. 1), then returned to the north, appointed Antistius to a Gallic command against the Salassi (see below, Promagistrates), and began his first Illyrian expedition. He was successful in clearing the upper Adriatic by sea and subdued the Iapudes and other tribes, capturing the towns of Metulum and Siscia, where he left a garrison of two legions for the winter (App. Illyr. 12-24; Dio 49.34-38; cf. Res Gest. D. Aug. 29; Liv. Per. 131; Plin. NH 7.148; Suet. Aug. 20.1; App. BC 5.145; Flor. 2.23-24; Zonar. 10.26). (Broughton MRR II)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 34 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Octavian first planned a trip to Gaul (Dio 49.38.2), but made a second campaign in Illyricum, this time in Dalmatia, moving southward to Promona, Synodium, and Setovia, which was still under siege at the end of the year (App. Illyr. 24-27; Dio 49.38.4; cf. Liv. Per. 132; Strabo 4.6.10; 7.5.2 and 4; Vell. 2.78.2; Suet. Aug. 20.1; Flor. 2.24.12; Oros. 6.19.3). See Swoboda, Octavius und Illyricum 47-81; T. Rice Holmes, Architect of the Roman Empire 1.131-135. (Broughton MRR II)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 33 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Octavian ended his campaigns in Illyricum with the fall of Setovia (App. Illyr. 28; Dio 49.43.8; cf. ILS 77), but postponed his triumph until 29 (Liv. Per. 133; Suet. Aug. 22; App. Illyr. 28; Dio 51.25.2; and see Degrassi 570). He used the booty to rebuild the portico and library of Octavius where he deposited the captured standards (Res Gest. D. Aug. 19; App. Illyr. 28; Dio 49.43.8). See above, on Antony. (Broughton MRR II)
  • Consul 33 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Fast. Ven., Degrassi 251, 254f.; Fast. Mag. Vic., ibid. 283, 288; cf. ibid. 136, 508f.; Frontin. Aq. 1.9; App. Illyr. 27; Dio 49, Index; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Cassiod.; cf. CIL 5.525, and p. 1022, Imp. Caesar Cos. Des. Tert. He held office for a few hours only before he abdicated (Suet. Aug. 26.3; App. Illyr. 28; Dio 49.43.6). (Broughton MRR II)
  • Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae 32 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Though their term of five years had technically expired both Antony and Octavian made use of offers to resign their powers as propaganda. Antony continued to employ the title (Grueber, CRRBM 2.526-531), but Octavian did not. As relations with Octavian deteriorated Antony divorced Octavia, and proceeded with the mobilization of land and sea forces at Samos and Ephesus, and late in the year advanced to establish his headquarters in Greece (Liv. Per. 132; Plut. Ant. 56-57; Dio 50.2-8; on Octavia, see also Liv. Per. 132; Eutrop. 7.6; Oros. 6.19.4; Serv. on Aen. 8.678; on his forces, also Strabo 8.4.3; 14.1.42; Vell. 2.84.2; Joseph. AJ 14.449; Plut. Ant. 60; 67.3; 69.2; Dio 49.33.1, and 44.3; 50.6.4-5, and 9.3, and 11.3, and 13.5; 51.5.6; Oros. 6.19.6-7 and 9 and 15; cf. Grueber, CRRBM 2.526-530, his legionary coinage; and see Tarn, CQ 26 [1932] 75-81; and opposed, C. Goodfellow, Roman Citizenship 63-67). Octavian's use of titles is uncertain (cf. the vague terms of Res Gest. D. Aug. 34), but in his opposition to the Consuls, his seizure of Antony's will from the house of the Vestals, his declaration of war against Cleopatra, his exaction of a personal oath of allegiance from almost all the communities of the West, his exactions of taxes and mobilization of forces, he assumed full powers over those of Consuls or Proconsuls as a leader for war (Res Gest. D. Aug. 25 and 34; Liv. Per. 132; Dio 50.2-10; on Antony's will, Vell. 2.83.1-2; Plut. Ant. 58.2-4; Suet. Aug. 17; Dio 50.3.1-4.1; the declaration of war, Plut. Ant. 60; Dio 50.4.3-6.1, and 21.1, and 26.3; on the taxes, Plut. Ant. 58; Dio 50.10.4-5, and 16.3, and 20.3; 53.2.3; on his forces, Plut. Ant. 62; Dio 50.6.4, and 7.2). See Syme, Roman Revolution 278-293; Grant, From Imperium to Auctoritas 416-423; and on the date of expiration of the Second Triumvirate, Gage, Res Gest. D. Aug. pp. 85 and 144f., and discussions cited there. (Broughton MRR II)
  • Consul 31 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • Designated Consul for this year with Antony (App. BC 5.73), he took office and held it for the whole year (Fast. Amit., Degrassi 170f., cf. Kal. Amit. on September 2, CIL 12.1, p. 244; Fast. Cupr., Degrassi 244f., in lacuna; Fast. Ven., ibid. 254f.; Fast. Mag. Vic., ibid. 283; and cf. ibid. 136, 510f.; Vell. 2.84.1; Suet. Aug. 26.2; Dio 50, Index; 51, Index; 50.10.1; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd., and Chr. Pasc., on 32 B. C.; Cassiod.; cf. CIL 10.3826-ILS 79; Syria 15 [1934] 36, lines 73f.–FIRA 1.308, no. 55, on p. 314). (Broughton MRR II)
    • Pontifex, 47. In MRR 2.292, refer also to ILS 75-ILLRP 415. On the coins of his first consulship in 43 (MRR 2.336), before he styled himself Divi filius, see Crawford, RRC 1.499-500, no. 490; J. B. Giard, RN 13, 1971, 90-115. IIIvir r. p. c. In MRR 2.358, refer also to ILS 76-ILLRP 416, 43-40 B.C.; in 2.399, after ILS 8893, add ILLRP 417; in 2.400, 36 B.C., on his settlement of Capua, see CIL 10.3885-ILS 6308-ILLRP 482; in MRR 2.420, refer also to the monument and inscription at Actium, which Octavian had built there in honor of his victory (J. H. Oliver, AJPh 90, 1969, 178-182, and cf. bibliography there). On the names adopted by the future Augustus, see Syme, Historia 7, 1958, 172-188-RP 1.361-377; Shackleton Bailey, Studies 117118. On the legal status of Octavian and his soldiers from the time he began to recruit them in the summer of 44 until he received an official command pro praetore and took the fasces on January 7, 43, see J. Linderski, JRS 74, 1984, 76-80.[108x] (Broughton MRR III)
  • Sodalis Titii? after 32 (Rüpke 2005)
  • Septemvir Epulonum? c. 31 (Broughton MRR II) Expand
    • A probable member of this college of priests about 31 B. C. In a number of instances the exact date when a priest became a member of his college is not known, and the conjecture is based on evidence of seniority such as the date of the consulship or some other office. The list of the Quindecimviri is based on Miss Hoffman's observation that the names listed in connection with the Saecular Games in 17 B. C. are arranged in the order of entrance into the college (see AJPh 73 [19521289-294). The names given below are drawn from Miss Hoffman's dissertation, The Membership of the Four Major Colleges of Priests from 44 B. C. to 37 A. D. (Bryn Mawr, 1951, available in microfilm). (Broughton MRR II)
    • It is not known when Augustus became a member of the college. He is attested for 16 B. C. (Grueber, CRRBM 2.56). (Broughton MRR II)

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