Digital Prosopography of the Roman Republic

CLAU0810 M. Claudius (220) M. f. M. n. Marcellus

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Status

• Nobilis Expand

  Liv. 27.21.2, Sil. Ital. 3.584-587

Life Dates

• 270?, birth (Rüpke 2005)
• 208, death - violent (Broughton MRR I) Expand

  KIA, against Carthaginian forces.

Relationships

grandson of

M. Claudius (219) (M. f. C. n.) Marcellus (cos. 287) (RE)

son of

? M. Claudius (B) Marcellus (son of? M. Claudius (219) (M. f. C. n.) Marcellus (cos. 287)) (Zmeskal 2009)

brother of

T. Otacilius (12) Crassus (pr. 217) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Plut. Marc. 2.1(2)

father of

M. Claudius (222) M. f. M. n. Marcellus (cos. 196) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. Hann. 50 (217)

grandfather of

M. Claudius (225) M. f. M. n. Marcellus (cos. 166) (Badian 1990)

Career

• Augur? 228 to 225 (Rüpke 2005)
• Aedilis Curulis before 225 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Val. Max. 6.1.7; Plut. Marc. 2.2-4. If he held this office and his first praetorship before becoming Consul in 222, this year is the latest possible date. See Aediles of the Plebs. (Broughton MRR I)
• Praetor? 224 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Liv. 22.35.6-7; cf. 226, Curule Aediles. The date is conjectural, based on the assumption that his first praetorship probably preceded his first consulate. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Before 218. p. 726. (Brennan 2000)
• Augur 224 to 208 (Rüpke 2005) Expand
  • Probably became an Augur about the time of his aedileship (Plut. Marc. 2). (Broughton MRR I)
  • P. Aelius Paetus succeeded M. Claudius Marcellus. Liv. 27.36.5, cf. 27.7-11; Plut. Marc. 2.2. (Broughton MRR I)
• Triumphator 222 (Rich 2014) Expand
  • Triumph de Galleis Insubribus et Germaneis. MRR I.233, Itgenshorst no. 155, Rich no. 154. (Rich 2014)
• Consul 222 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Polyb. 2.34.1; Fast. Cap. (names entire); Plut. Marc. 6.1; Eutrop. 3.6; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Cassiod.; Zon. 8.20; and on Marcellus, Act. Tr.; Liv. Per. 20; Plut. Marc. 1.1; Auct. Vir. Ill. 45; Oros. 4.13.5; Degrassi 44f., 118, 442f. The Consuls engaged the Insubrian and Gaesate Gauls at Acerrae; then Marcellus followed a force which had crossed the Po and was besieging Clastidium, and in his victory won also the spolia opima; then he rejoined his colleague to share the capture of Mediolanum and the end of the war (on the campaign, Polyb. 2.34-35; Plut. Marc. 6-8; Frontin. Str. 4.5.4; Eutrop. 3.6; Oros. 4.13.15; Zon. 8.20; cf. Liv. Per. 20; Naevius, fr. Praetext. 2 R; on the spolia opima, Act. Tr.; Plut. Marc. 7-8; Rom. 16.7-8; Comp. Pelop. and Marc. 1.2; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4.49; Liv. Per. 20; Verg. Aen. 6.855-9 and Serv. ad loc.; Prop. 4.10.39-44; Manil. Astr. 1.787f.; Val. Max. 3.2.5; Sil. Ital. 1.133; 3.587; 12.279f.; Frontin. Str. 4.5.4; Flor. 1.20.5; Eutrop. 3.6; Ampel. 21; Auct. Vir. Ill. 45; Oros. 4.13.15; Fest. 204 L; cf. Grueber, CRRBM 1.567; Cesano, Stud. Num. 1 [1942] 164-166). Marcellus celebrated a triumph over Insubrian Gauls and Germans (Act. Tr., Degrassi 78f., 550; Plut. Rom. 16.7-8; Marc. 8.1-5; Sil. Ital. 12.279f.; Eutrop. 3.6; cf. Flor. 1.20.4). He vowed an aedes to Virtus (Liv. 29.11.13; cf. 27.28.7-9; Cic. Verr. 2.4.120-123; ND 2.61; Rep. 1.21). (Broughton MRR I)
• Praetor 216 Sicilia, Apulia, Campania (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Election and provinces; Liv. 22.35.5-7 (Broughton MRR I)
  • In command of the fleet at Ostia, then temporarily after Cannae of the army at Canusium (Liv. 22.57.1-2 and 7-8; Plut. Marc. 9.1; App. Hann. 27). Faced Hannibal at Nola and Casilinum in Campania (Liv. 23.14.10-17.3, and 19.4; Cic. Brut. 12; Val. Max. 1.6.9; Frontin. Str. 2.3.9, and 4.8; 3.16.1; Sil. It. 12.158-294; Plut. Marc. 10-11; Flor. 1.22.29; Dio fr. 57.33-35 [but cf. Val. Max. 7.3.7; Frontin. Str. 4.7.36; Plut. Fab. 20; Auct. Vir. Ill. 43.5, who tell a similar incident regarding Fabius]; Ampel. 18.10; 46.6; Auct. Vir. Ill. 45.4; Oros. 4.16.12; Zon. 9.2). Called to Rome to discuss future plans for the war (Liv. 23.24.1-2, and 25.5). (Broughton MRR I)
  • p. 727 (Brennan 2000)
• Proconsul 215 Campania (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Granted proconsular imperium as a tribute to his generalship in 216 (Liv. 23.30.19, 32.3, and 48.2; Plut. Marc. 12.2; Oros. 4.16.12; Mommsen, Str. 2.647, note 2, 649, note 1, 650-652; cf. reference above under Consuls). Successful in negotiations with Nola and in a skirmish with Hannibal (Liv. 23.41.13-46.7; Plut. Marc. 12.2-5; Zon. 9.3; Münzer, RE, s. v. "Claudius," no. 220; see 214, note 5). (Broughton MRR I)
• Consul Suffectus 215 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • For filiation, see Fast. Cap. for 222, 214, 210, or 208. (Broughton MRR I)
  • His election was declared invalid by the Augurs and he abdicated (Liv. 31.12-14; Plut. Marc. 12.1; cf. Fast. Cap., Degrassi 46f., 119, 446f.). (Broughton MRR I)
  • This consulship was, however, counted because he held five (Liv. 27.22.1; Plut. Marc. 1.1; 30.5; Comp. Pel. et Marc. 3.5; Auct. Vir. Ill. 45.7; Fast. Cap. for 208, Degrassi 46f.). (Broughton MRR I)
• Consul 214 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Nep. Cat. 1; Liv. 24.7-9; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 46f., 119, 446f., cf. Fast. Fer. Lat., Degrassi 148f.; Plut. Marc. 9, and 13, cf. Fab. 19; Apophth. Fab. 3; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Cassiod.; Fest. 480 L ; Zon. 9.4; and on Fabius, Elogia, CIL 1(2).1, p. 193- Inscr. Ital. 13.3.14 and 80; Ennius Ann. 8.295 V; on Marcellus, CIL 1(2).2.608, 609. Fabius elected Censors (Liv. 24.10-11), and after campaign preparations, joined Marcellus and captured Casilinum and other towns in Campania.{259} (Liv. 24.19-20), then returned to hold elections in Rome (24.43.5-6). Marcellus was active at Nola (24.13.8-11, and 17.1-8; cf. 23.48.2, and Sil. It. 12.161). After a period of illness at Nola (Liv. 24.20.7), he went later in the year to Sicily, tried to negotiate with Syracuse, and captured Leontini (Polyb. 8.3.1-7; Liv. 24.21.1, and 27-31; Plut. Marc. 3-19; Sil. It. 14.110-113; see De Sanctis 3.2.330f.; CAH 8.64f.). (Broughton MRR I)
  • For Mommsen's emendation and interpretation of this very corrupt passage of Festus, see RF 2.407-416. (Broughton MRR I)
• Proconsul 213 Sicilia (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Imperium prorogued, as Proconsul, in Hiero's former realm (Liv. 24.44.4; cf. 25.7.4). He besieged Syracuse (Polyb. 8.3-9; Diod. 26.18; Liv. 24.32-35; Plut. Marc. 14-17; Sil. It. 14.110-688; Tzet. Chil. 2.103-149; Zon. 9.4), and reduced a number of pro-Carthaginian towns, including Enna (Polyb. 8.7.11-12; Liv. 24.35-36, and 37-39; 25.6.20; Plut. Marc. 18.1; Zon. 9.4; cf. CIL 1 .2.608- ILS 13). Appealed to the Senate on behalf of the soldiers who were relegated to inaction in Sicily after Cannae (Liv. 25.5-7; Val. Max. 2.7.15; Frontin. Str. 4.1.44; Plut. Marc. 13, discussed in Rome in 212). On the chronology, see De Sanctis, 3.2.329-334. (Broughton MRR I)
  • The Mss readings in Livy 25.1.11, and 12.3, respectively, are "Aemilio praetori urb. (or urb)" and "in M. Aemili praetoris urbem (urbis or urb') manus." Klebs therefore thought (RE s. v. "Atilius," no. 53) that the name of Atilius, who was Pr. Urbanus, should replace Aemilius in both passages. Conway and Walters reject "urb." and "urbem" as ancient glosses and use 25.3.12 to justify the name Aemilius. Measures to curb the spread of foreign cults might suitably be entrusted to the Pr. Peregrinus, and Aemilius may have performed the acts attributed to him in the city before his own announced date of April 1 (25.1.11-12), and before he left for Luceria. Confusion may have arisen because Atilius after that time performed the duties of both praetorships.{267} (Broughton MRR I)
• Proconsul 212 Sicilia (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Imperium prorogued as Proconsul in Hiero's former kingdom (Liv. 25.3.6, cf. 7.4). Captured by siege a portion of the city of Syracuse (Polyb. 8.37; Liv. 25.23-26; cf. 26.21.10, 30.5-6, and 31.4-5; Frontin.{269} Str. 3.3.2; Plut. Marc. 18-19; Polyaen. 8.11; Tzetz. Chil. 2.131-134; Zon. 9.5; cf. Diod. 26.20; Vell. 2.38.2; Sil. It. 14.665-678; Flor. 1.22.33-34; Eutrop. 3.14.3; Jerome Chr. ad ann. 213, p. 134 Helm; Auct. Vir. Ill. 45.5; Augustin. CD 1.6; 3.14; Oros. 4.17.1). His army suffered some losses from the plague which destroyed the Carthaginian one (Liv. 25.26.7-15; Sil. It. 14.580-617). On chronology, see De Sanctis 3.2.331f. On his appeal to the Senate on behalf of the Cannenses, see 213. (Broughton MRR I)
• Triumphator 211 (Rich 2014) Expand
  • Ovation de Syracusaneis. MRR I.273-4, Itgenshorst no. 159, Rich no. 158. (Rich 2014)
• Proconsul 211 Sicilia (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Imperium prorogued as Proconsul in eastern Sicily until the end of the war there (Liv. 26.1.6). He captured Syracuse and forced a small Carthaginian army to retreat to Agrigentum (Liv. 25.27-31; Plut. Marc. 19-21; Comp. Pel. et Marc. 2.2; Tzetz. Chil. 2.136-149; Zon. 9.5; cf. Cic. Verr. 1.55; 2.2.4, 4.131, 5.84-85; Vell. 2.38.2; Val. Max. 5.1.4; 8.7, ext. 7; Plin. NH 7.125; Sil. It. 14.675-678; Flor. 1.22.33-34; Eutrop. 3.14.3; Auct. Vir. Ill. 45.5; Oros. 4.17.1). On his booty, see Polyb. 9.10; Cic. Verr. 2.2.4; 2.4.115-116, 120-123, 131; Rep. 1.21;{274} Liv. 25.31.8-11, and 40.1-3; 26.21.7-8, 29.4, 30.1-10; 27.16.8; 34.4.4; Plut. Marc. 21, cf. 30.4-5; cf. CIL 1 .2.608, 609- ILS 12, 13. He returned to Rome at the end of the summer and celebrated two ovations, one on the Alban Mount and one in Rome (Liv. 26.21.5-13; Val. Max. 2.8.5; Plut. Marc. 21-22; Comp. Pel. et Marc. 3.4; Auct. Vir. Ill. 45.6; see Mommsen, Str. 1.129, note 3; Degrassi 551). (Broughton MRR I)
• Triumphator 211 (Rich 2014) Expand
  • Triumph in Monte Albano de Syracusaneis. MRR I.273-4, Itgenshorst no. 158, Rich no. 157. (Rich 2014)
• Consul 210 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Liv. 26.22.12-13; 29.16.2; 31.13.2; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 46f., 119f., 448f.; Flor. 1.22.25; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Cassiod.; Zon. 9.5; on Valerius, Liv. 29.11.3; 30.23.5; and on Marcellus, Plut. Marc. 23. Marcellus was first assigned Sicily and the fleet, and Valerius Italy and the war with Hannibal (Liv. 26.29.1) but the provinces were reversed following Syracusan complaints against Marcellus (26.26.5-11, 27.16, 28.3, 29-32; 38.43.9; Val. Max. 4.1.7; Plut. Marc. 23; Dio fr. 57.41; Zon. 9.6; cf. Cic. Verr. 2.4.151). The Consuls raised funds by great popular contributions (Liv. 26.35-36; cf. 31.13.2; Val. Max. 5.6.8; Flor. 1.22.25; Fest. 500 L; Oros. 4.17.14). They recalled M. Livius Salinator from exile (Liv. 27.34.5). Marcellus won Salapia, and Marmoreae and Meles in Samnium (26.38.11-14; 27.1.1-2; Val. Max. 3.8, ext. 1; App. Hann. 45-47; Zon. 9.7), and inflicted a reverse on Hannibal at Numistro (Liv. 27.2; Plut. Marc. 24, cf. Frontin. Str. 2.2.6). Valerius, delayed by illness after capturing Anticyra (Liv. 26.26-27), returned to report on Greece (26.28.1), and in Sicily calmed Syracuse and won back Agrigentum (Liv. 26.29-32, and 40). Summoned to Rome to hold elections, he refused to nominate a Dictator on Roman soil, but the people's choice was nominated by Marcellus (27.5.8-19). (Broughton MRR I)
• Proconsul 209 Italia (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Imperium prorogued as Proconsul in southern Italy against Hannibal (Liv. 27.7.8 and 11, and on the title, 27.10.12). Engaged Hannibal in battle at Canusium (Liv. 27.12-15, cf. 20.9-11; Plut. Marc. 25-27; Oros. 4.18.4; see note 5). Went to Rome to defend himself from Publicius' charges (see above, Tribunes of the Plebs), and won both the action and election to the consulship for 208 (Liv. 27.20-21; Plut. Marc. 27). Investigated the defection in Etruria (Liv. 27.21.6-8; Plut. Marc. 28). (Broughton MRR I)
• Consul 208 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Liv. 27.22.1; 30.27.11; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 46f., 120, 448f.; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Cassiod.; on Quinctius, Liv. 27.35.3; and{290} on Marcellus, Cic. Div. 2.77-78; Nep. Hann. 5.3; Ascon. 12 C; Plut. Fab. 19; Marc. 1, 28, 30; Comp. Pel. et Marc. 3.4; App. Hann. 50; Auct. Vir. Ill. 45.7; cf. Grueber, CRRBM 1.567. Both Consuls were assigned provinces against Hannibal in southern Italy (Liv. 27.22.2, and 25.6 and 11). Marcellus, after a delay in order to make his temple of Honos and Virtus satisfy religious rules (see 222, Consuls; Liv. 27.25.7-9; cf. Cic. Verr. 2.4.120-123; ND 2.61; Rep. 1.21; Val. Max. 1.1.8; Plut. Marc. 28; Fort. Rom. 5; Ascon. 12 C; Lact. Div. Inst. 1.20.12; cf. CIL 1 .2.608, 609), went to Venusia, while Crispinus tried to attack Locri (Liv. 27.25.11-14; cf. Plut. Marc. 29). While both Consuls were reconnoitering near Petelia, they were caught in an ambush, so that Marcellus was killed and Crispinus mortally wounded (Polyb. 10.32; Liv. 27.26-27; Val. Max. 1.6.9; Plut. Marc. 29; App. Hann. 50; Oros. 4.18.6-8; Zon. 9.9; and on Marcellus, Cic. Tusc. 1.89; Nep. Hann. 5.3; Plin. NH 11.189; Plut. Comp. Pel. et Marc. 3; Fab. 19; Flam. 1; Sil. It. 15.334-380; Eutrop. 3.16; Auct. Vir. Ill. 45.7). Crispinus retreated, warned Salapia and other towns, and sent Marcellus' army to Venusia (Liv. 27.28.2-4, and 29.1-6, and 33.6). Died after appointing a Dictator (Liv. 27.33.6; see below, Dictator). On the burial of Marcellus, see Cic. Sen. 75; Liv. 27.28.1; Val. Max. 5.1, ext. 6; Plut. Marc. 30; Comp. Pel. et Marc. 3; App. Hann. 50; Sil. It. 15.381-396; Auct. Vir. Ill. 45.7-8; Suid. 1.2.999 B; Zon. 9.9. On Quinctius, see Münzer, APF 116f.; Lübker, no. 7. (Broughton MRR I)

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