Digital Prosopography of the Roman Republic

CORN0878 P. Cornelius (336) P. f. L. n. Scipio Africanus Maior

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Status

• Patrician
• Nobilis Expand

  Liv. 30.45.7, Sil. Ital. 3.584-587, Gell. 3.4.cap, 12.8.cap-4, SHA. Tres Gord. 17.1-3, Hieron. Ep. 66.7, 108.1

Life Dates

• 235?, birth (Sumner Orators) Expand

  Sumner R17, Develin no. 61 (236/235), Evans & Kleijwegt p. 192 (235/234).

• 183, death (Rüpke 2005)

Relationships

son of

Pomponia (28) (daughter of? M'. Pomponius (16)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Pol. X 4.4

P. Cornelius (330) L. f. L. n. Scipio (cos. 218) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Ampel. 46.5, App. Ib. 18 (68), App. Ib. 19 (73), App. Pun. 6 (24f.), Asc. Pison. 3C, Auct. vir. ill. 49.4, Dio frg. 57 (38) (XVI), Eutr. III 15.1, Flor. I 33.7, Liv. XXI 46.8, Liv. XXVI 18.11, Liv. XXVI 41.21, Liv. XXVI 41.8, Liv. XXVIII 21.1, Liv. XXVIII 28.13, Liv. XXVIII 39.4, Liv. XXVIII 42.4, Liv. XXVIII 43.10, Liv. XXX 30.13, Liv. XXXIV 42.3, Liv. XXXV 10.8, Liv. XXXVIII 58.4, Oros. IV 14.6, Oros. IV 18.1, Plin. n.h. XVI 14, Pol. X 3.4, Pol. X 3.6, Pol. XV 11.8, Val. Max. IX 11, Val. Max. V 4.2, Zon. 9 (10), Zon. 9 (2), Zon. 9 (7), Zon. 9 (8)

nephew of

Cn. Cornelius (345) L. f. L. n. Scipio Calvus (cos. 222) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. Brut. 77, Cic. Off. 1.121, Liv. 40.42.13, Vell. 1.10.3

brother of

L. Cornelius (337) P. f. L. n. Scipio Asiaticus (cos. 190) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. Syr. 21 (100), App. Syr. 30 (150), App. Syr. 38 (193), Auct. vir. ill. 53.1, Auct. vir. ill. 53.2, Cic. Mur. 32, Cic. Phil. XI 17, Cic. Tusc. I 81, Eutr. III 16.2, Eutr. IV 4.1, Flor. I 24.14, Iustin XXXI 7.2, Liv. XXVIII 28.14, Liv. XXVIII 4.4, Liv. XXXVIII 56.8, Liv. XXXVIII 58.8, Plin. n.h. XXXV 22, Plut. Cato mai. 15.2, Pol. XXI 11 (9), Val. Max. III 7.1, Val. Max. IV 1.8, Val. Max. VIII 1, Zon. 9 (16), Zon. 9(20)

married to

Aemilia (179) Tertia (daughter of L. Aemilius (118) M. f. M. n. Paullus (cos. 219)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Quintil. inst. IX 4.14

father of

L. Cornelius (325) Scipio (pr. 174) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

App. Syr. 30 (150), Auct. vir. ill. 54.3, Val. Max. II 10.2

Cornelia (407) (daughter of P. Cornelius (336) P. f. L. n. Scipio Africanus (cos. 205)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. inv. I 5, Cic. inv. I 91, Plin. n.h. XXXIV 31, Plut. Ti. Gracch. 1, Sen. dial. VI cons. ad Marc. 16.3, Val. Max. IV 2.3

Cornelia (406) (daughter of P. Cornelius (336) P. f. L. n. Scipio Africanus (cos. 205)) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Vell. II 3.1

P. Cornelius (331) P. f. P. n. Scipio (aug. after 181) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. off. I 121, Plut. Cato mai. 15.5, Pol. XVIII 35.9, Vell. I 10.3

Cn. Cornelius (320, 325) Scipio (pr.? 177) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Val. Max. IV 5.3

grandfather of

C. Sempronius (47) Ti. f. P. n. Gracchus (tr. pl. 123) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. off. II 80

Ti. Sempronius (54) Ti. f. P. n. Gracchus (tr. pl. 133) (Zmeskal 2009) Expand

Cic. de orat. I 38, Cic. har. resp. 41, Cic. off. II 80, Dio frg. 83 (1) (XXIV), Vell. II 2.1, Vell. II 7.1

Career

• Tribunus Militum 216 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Meyer (Kl. Schr. 2.429, note 2) considers Scipio's part in rallying the army after Cannae a later invention, but his argument from the silence of Polybius, who is only partially preserved for this period, seems questionable. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Rallied survivors at Canusium (Liv. 22.53.1-3; Elogium, CIL 1 .1, p. 201- Inscr. Ital. 13.3.89; Val. Max. 5.6.7; Sil. It. 10.426-448; App. Hann. 26; Dio fr. 57.28-29; Auct. Vir. Ill. 49.5-6; Oros. 4.16.6; Zon. 9.2). (Broughton MRR I)
• Salius? 215 to 212 (Rüpke 2005) Expand
  • Liv. 37.33.7, cf. Polyb. 21.10.10. Appointed before 211, when his father was killed (see above, Promagistrates). Entrants to the priesthood had to be patrimi et matrimi (Dion. Hal. 2.71). (Broughton MRR I)
• Aedilis Curulis 213 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • The correct year is 213 rather than 212 since patricians would hold the curule aedileship in an odd numbered year (Liv. 7.1.6; Mommsen RF 1.97-102). (Broughton MRR I)
  • Liv. 25.2.6-8. Elogium of Scipio, CIL 1 .1, p. 201- Inscr. Ital. 13.3.89. The Tribunes questioned his candidacy because of his age (Liv.). On the date, see note 4. (Broughton MRR I)
  • The Mss readings in Livy 25.1.11, and 12.3, respectively, are "Aemilio praetori urb. (or urb)" and "in M. Aemili praetoris urbem (urbis or urb') manus." Klebs therefore thought (RE s. v. "Atilius," no. 53) that the name of Atilius, who was Pr. Urbanus, should replace Aemilius in both passages. Conway and Walters reject "urb." and "urbem" as ancient glosses and use 25.3.12 to justify the name Aemilius. Measures to curb the spread of foreign cults might suitably be entrusted to the Pr. Peregrinus, and Aemilius may have performed the acts attributed to him in the city before his own announced date of April 1 (25.1.11-12), and before he left for Luceria. Confusion may have arisen because Atilius after that time performed the duties of both praetorships.{267} (Broughton MRR I)
• Salius 211 to 183 (Rüpke 2005) Expand
  • Polyb. 21.10.10; Liv. 37.33.7. On his death, see Cic. Sen. 19; Liv. 39.52, cf. 38.53.8, and 39.56.3-4; Polyb. 23.14; Nep. Hann. 12; Val. Max. 5.3.2; Strabo 5.4.4, 243c; Iustin. 32.4.9; Auct. Vir. Ill. 49.18-19; Oros. 4.20.29; Zon. 9.20. (Broughton MRR I)
  • On the date of Scipio's death, see De Sanctis 4.1.597f.; and Hoffman (note 1). (Broughton MRR I)
• Proconsul 210 Hispania (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Appointed by popular vote to the command in Spain with imperium pro consule, and arrived with his forces in the early autumn (Liv. 26.18-20; Val. Max. 3.7.1; App. Ib. 18-19; Dio fr. 57.39-40; Zon. 9.7). See De Sanctis 3.2.468, note 38. (Broughton MRR I)
• Proconsul 209 Hispania (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Imperium as Proconsul (see 210) prorogued until the Senate should recall him (Liv. 27.7.17). He captured New Carthage and won in the subsequent settlements the favor and support of many Spanish tribes (Polyb. 10.6-17; Liv. 26.41-51; 27.17.1-7; App. Ib. 19-24; Zon. 9.8; cf. Silenus, in FGrH 2.2 B. 902, no. 6; Val. Ant. fr. 24 and 25 Peter; Val. Max. 4.3.1; 9.11, ext. 1; Frontin. Str. 2.11.5; 3.9.1; Sil. It. 15.180-287; Dio fr. 57.43; on chronology, see De Sanctis 3.2.468f., note 38). (Broughton MRR I)
• Proconsul 208 Hispania (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Imperium prorogued in Spain (Liv. 27.22.7). Defeated Hasdrubal at Baecula and captured the young Massiva (Polyb. 10.37-40; Liv. 27.17-20; Val. Max. 5.1.7; App. Ib. 24-27; Zon. 9.8; De Sanctis 3.2.468, note 38, 477-481).{292} (Broughton MRR I)
• Proconsul 207 Hispania (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Livy omits the regular list of prorogations for this year with the exception of Q. Fulvius Flaccus. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Continued in command in Spain, where he directed the operations of Silanus against Celtiberia and L. Scipio against Orongis (Liv. 28.1-4; cf. 27.36.12, and 38.11; Frontin. Str. 1.3.5; Zon. 9.8). According to De Sanctis (3.2.496f., note 84) and Hallward (CAH 8.88, note 2), Livy's chronology should be rearranged to bring the battle of Ilipa into this year, but Scullard (Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War, 304-309) presents a good defence of the division of campaigns as it stands in Livy. See 206, Promagistrates, and note 4. (Broughton MRR I)
• Triumphator? 206 (Itgenshorst 2005) Expand
  • Triumph? ex Hispania. MRR I.299 (perhaps... an ovation), Itgenshorst no.162a (triumphus incertus). Not listed in Rich. (Itgenshorst 2005)
• Proconsul 206 Hispania (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • The time required for Scipio's activities, as reported in Livy, between the battle of Ilipa and his arrival in Rome before the elections is so great that De Sanctis and others have supposed that the battle should be placed at the end of 207 (3.2.496f., note 84; Hallward, CAH 8.88, note 2). But Polybius definitely places the battle after the armies left winter-quarters (11.20.1), while in this period elections were often close to the end of the consular year. Even so, Scullard (Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War, 304-309) in his able defence of the chronology of Livy and Polybius is compelled to suppose that Scipio returned from Ilipa, not to Tarraco, but to New Carthage, and that the commands of Silanus and of Marcius during his absence in Africa have been reversed in Livy's account. If we suppose that elections were late and that Scipio risked bad weather for sailing to return to Rome the account we have is still possible. (Broughton MRR I)
  • Continued in command in Spain. Here he won the battle of Ilipa (see 207, on Scipio) and drove the Carthaginians out of Spain, visited Syphax in Africa, punished a number of Spanish towns, captured Gades, quelled a mutiny among his own soldiers, and the revolt of several Spanish tribes (Polyb. 11.20-33; Liv. 28.12-37; App. Ib. 32-38; Zon. 9.8 and 10; cf. Val. Max. 9.8.1; 9.11, ext. 1; App. Lib. 10; Sil. It. 16.24-599; Eutrop. 3.17; Auct. Vir. Ill. 49.9-14; Jerome Chr. ad ann. 204, p. 135 Helm; Oros. 4.18.17; cf. Frontin. Str. 2.1.1, and 3.4; Polyaen. 8.16.1). Returned late in the year to Rome to report on his achievement (Liv. 28.38.1-6; cf. App. Ib. 38), and become Consul (see 205). According to Livy (28.38.4; 31.20.3; cf. Dio fr. 57.56; Val. Max. 2.8.5) he was refused a triumph, according to Polybius (11.33.7) and Appian (Ib. 38; cf. Dio fr. 57.56) he received one. Perhaps he celebrated an ovatio (see Degrassi 551). On the chronology of the Spanish campaigns in 207 and 206, see the works cited in note 4. (Broughton MRR I)
• Consul 205 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Cic. Brut. 77; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 46f., 120, 450f.; Plut. Fab. 25; App. Hann. 55; Dio fr. 57.52; Zon. 9.11; and on Scipio, Elog. CIL 1 .1, p. 201- Inscr. Ital. 13.3.89; Cic. Phil. 5.48; Val. Max. 8.14.1. Scipio received the province of Sicily and Crassus Bruttium without the lot (Liv. 28.38.12). Scipio introduced envoys of Saguntum to the Senate (Liv. 28.39). After strong opposition from the Fabian group he was granted the province of Africa too (Liv. 28.40-45; Plut. Fab. 25; App. Hann. 55; Lib. 7; Sil. It. 16.692-700), and, although he was allowed only a volunteer army, went on to Sicily to make his preparations for the invasion (Liv. 29.1, cf. 4.7-5.1, and 6.1; Val. Max. 3.6.1; 7.3.3; App. Lib. 8; Zon. 9.11). Recapturing Locri, he left Pleminius in charge (Liv. 29.6-9; Diod. 27.4; Val. Max. 1.1.21; App. Hann. 55; Zon. 9.11). Crassus accomplished little in Bruttium, as both armies suffered from plague, and appointed a Dictator to hold the elections (Liv. 28.41.12, 44.11, 45.9, 46.2-3 and 15; 29.10.1-3, and 11.9; Diod. 27.2; Plut. Fab. 25; App. Hann. 56; Dio fr. 57.52; Zon. 9.11). (Broughton MRR I)
  • Cos. 205, 194. Leg., lieut. 190. In MRR 1.358, refer also to Liv. 38.53.10, and 58.9, and cf. 48.7, and 51.3; Per. 37; App. Syr. 21; Diod. 29.5, 8, and 10. Cos. 205, In MRR 1.301, refer also to Liv. 28.38.6. See also Balsdon, Historia 21, 1972, 224-234. (Broughton MRR III)
• Proconsul 204 Africa (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Imperium prorogued in Sicily and Africa (Liv. 29.13.3). He was exonerated from the charges brought against him in connection with Pleminius (Liv. 29.16-22; Tac. Ann. 2.59; Plut. Cat. Mai. 3; Dio fr. 57.62; see 205, Legates, on Pleminius; below, Legates, on Caecilius). He crossed to Africa and won some initial successes before being compelled to give up the siege of Utica (Liv. 29.24-36; Val. Max. 3.7.1; 7.3.3; Frontin. Str. 1.12.1; 2.7.4; App. Lib. 10-17; Dio fr. 57.63-69; Zon. 9.11-12). During the winter he spied on the enemy's camps while pretending to negotiate (Liv. 30.3.3-4.12; Polyb. 14.1; Val. Max. 3.7.1; Frontin. Str. 1.1.3, and 2.1; App. Lib. 17; Dio fr. 57.72; Zon. 9.12). (Broughton MRR I)
• Proconsul 203 Africa (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Imperium prorogued in Africa until the end of the war, and a supplicatio was ordered for the safe arrival of the army in Africa (Liv. 30.1.10-11). In this year he destroyed the opposing camps and defeated the Carthaginians in battle, overran their territory and that of Syphax, and forced them to beg for peace (Liv. 30.5-17; Polyb. 14.1-10; 15.1; App. Lib. 18-35; Zon. 9.12; cf. Diod. 27.6-7; Val. Max. 6.9, ext. 7; Frontin. Str. 2.5.29; Sil. It. 17.83ff.; Flor. 1.22.54-59; Auct. Vir.Ill. 49.13; Eutrop. 3.20; Oros. 4.18.18-21). See 205, Consuls, and 204, Promagistrates. On the violation of the armistice, see below, Legates. (Broughton MRR I)
• Proconsul 202 Africa (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • His command in Africa was defended by Metellus in the Senate and guaranteed by a vote of the Plebs (Liv. 30.27.1-5). In this year he defeated Hannibal at Zama and made Carthage finally sue for peace (Polyb. 15.5-19; Livy 30.29-38; App. Lib. 39-56; Zon. 9.14; cf. Frontin. Str. 1.8.10; 2.3.16; 3.6.1; Sil. It. 17.283-617; Flor. 1.22.58-61; Dio fr. 57.82; Eutrop. 3.22-23; Auct. Vir. Ill. 49.14; Oros. 4.19.1-4; besides many references to Zama). (Broughton MRR I)
• Triumphator 201 (Rich 2014) Expand
  • Triumph de Hannibale, de Poeneis, et rege Syphace. MRR I.320-1, Itgenshorst no. 163, Rich no. 162. (Rich 2014)
• Proconsul 201 Africa (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Imperium prorogued in Africa (Liv. 30.41.1, cf. 40.7-15), with authority to make peace in accordance with the advice of ten Legates and bring his forces home (Liv. 30.43.10-13, and 44.12-45.2; Val. Max.{321} 2.7.12; App. Lib. 65; Dio fr. 57.83-86; Zon. 9.14; cf. Polyb. 15.18-19). He took the title Africanus and celebrated his triumph as Proconsul over Hannibal, the Carthaginians and King Syphax (Polyb. 16.23.5; Cic. Fin. 4.22; Liv. 30.45; 38.46.11, and 51.14; Val. Max. 5.2.5; 6.2.3; Sil. It. 17.628; App. Lib. 65; Eutrop. 3.23; Ampel. 37; Oros. 4.19.6; cf. Val. Max. 3.7.1; 4.1.6; 8.15.1; Grueber, CRRBM 2.294f.; Cesano, Stud. Num. 1.178). (Broughton MRR I)
• Censor 199 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Liv. 32.7.1-3; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 48f., 121, 452f.; and on Scipio, CIL 1 .1, p. 201- Inscr. Ital. 13.3.98. Scipio was chosen Princeps Senatus (Liv. 34.44.4). (Broughton MRR I)
  • Ex quaestura in this passage may indicate that Flamininus was Quaestor in 199 and proceeded immediately to the consulship; cf. ex aedilitate in Liv. 31.4.7, though the more usual expression for "when aedile" is qui tum aedilis erat, cf. Liv. 23.24.3; 24.9.4, and 43.6; 29.38.5; 32.7.13, and 27.7. Such phrases, however, can be used when some time elapses between the two offices: cf. Liv. 27.6.17, on Licinius Crassus, who was almost certainly Curule Aedile in 212, and in 210 ex aedilitate gradum ad censuram fecit; and Cic. Phil. 11.11, on Julius Caesar Strabo, who ex aedilitate (90 B.C.) consulatum petit in 88 B.C. Accordingly, Flamininus may have been Quaestor between 203, when he ceased to be in command pro praetore at Tarentum, and 199. He is listed here under the latest possible date. (Broughton MRR I)
• Princeps Senatus 199 to 184 (Ryan 1998) Expand
  • p. 223 (Ryan 1998)
• Consul 194 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Cic. Corn., in Ascon. 69 C; Liv. 34.43.3, and 44.3; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 48f., 121, 454f.; Val. Max. 4.5.1; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Chr.{343} Pasc.; Oros. 4.20.15; Cassiod.; and on Scipio, Nep. Cato 2.2; Elogium, Inscr. Ital. 13.3.89- CIL 1 .1, p. 201; I. de Délos 442 B, 102; 1429 A, 26; 1450 A, 68 (in 190-189). Both Consuls campaigned against the Boii and the Ligurians, with Sempronius apparently taking the leading part, and Scipio returned to hold the elections (Liv. 34.43.3-5 and 9; 34.46-48.2, and 54.1; Oros. 4.20.15; cf. Nep. Cato 2; Plut. Cat. Mai. 11) 1 . (Broughton MRR I)
• Legatus (Ambassador)? 193 Asia (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • According to Claudius (Acilius, fr. 5 Peter), who quoted the Greek Histories of Acilius, Africanus joined the embassy to Anti{349}ochus and held his famous conversation with Hannibal at Ephesus (Liv. 35.14.5-12; Plut. Pyrr. 8.2; Flam. 21.3; App. Syr. 9-10; Zon. 9.18). As he was a proxenos at Delos before 190 (IG 11.712, and comment., I. de Délos 442 B 101), he may have come to the East for a brief period after his African journey (see. a. above; Holleaux, Hermes 48 [1913] 75-98). (Broughton MRR I)
• Legatus (Ambassador) 193 Africa (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Sent to Africa to arbitrate a boundary dispute between Carthage and Masinissa, they left it undecided (Liv. 34.62.16-18; Zon. 9.18; cf. App. Lib. 67). (Broughton MRR I)
• Legatus (Lieutenant) 190 Achaea, Asia (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • Legate under his brother L. Scipio, and to a great extent the director of diplomatic and military operations (Cic. Mur. 32; Phil. 11.17; Polyb. 21. 4-5, and 13-16; Liv. 37.1.9, 6-7, 25, 34-37, and 45; Val. Max. 5.5.1, cf. 2.10.2; Frontin. Str. 4.7.30; Iustin. 31.7.2; Flor. 1.24.14; App. Syr. 23, and 28-39; Gell. 4.18.8; Eutrop. 4.4; Auct. Vir. Ill. 49.16; Zon. 9.20; cf. Oros. 4.20.22). On his offerings at Delos, see I. de Délos 442 B, line 102; 1429 A, line 26; 1450 A, line 68; and comment. 2, pp. 167f. See also SEG 1.440-4.567; 2.566; Memnon 26.2, in FGrH 3B.349f.; Guarducci, I. Cret. 2.3.5.{359} (Broughton MRR I)
  • Cos. 205, 194. Leg., lieut. 190. In MRR 1.358, refer also to Liv. 38.53.10, and 58.9, and cf. 48.7, and 51.3; Per. 37; App. Syr. 21; Diod. 29.5, 8, and 10. Cos. 205, In MRR 1.301, refer also to Liv. 28.38.6. See also Balsdon, Historia 21, 1972, 224-234. (Broughton MRR III)
• Legatus (Envoy)? 184 (Broughton MRR I) Expand
  • The date of this supposed legateship is the same as that assigned to Gracchus' tribunate. See above, note 4. (Broughton MRR I)
  • According to one version of the trials of the Scipios he was a Legate in Etruria when his brother was put on trial (Liv. 38.56.8-9). (Broughton MRR I)
• Princeps Senatus? 183 (Ryan 1998) Expand
  • p. 223 (Ryan 1998)

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